Browsing by Author "Monar, Nelson"

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Diagnóstico Agro-Socio económico del cultivo de haba (Vicia Faba L), en la parroquia San Juan, provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Corral Cevallos, Joffre Allán; Roldán Cuzco, Segundo Remigio; Monar, Nelson
The investigation concerning the diagnosis agro-socio-economic bean crop in the parish of San Juan province of Chimborazo, a sector devoted to farming - horticulture in the Midwest and provider of this legume to the various local and national markets........................................................ The purpose of this study was to investigate the main agro socioeconomic factors that affect crop productivity, which in turn is directly related to the modus vivendi of the population of the area........................................ This work was done on a sample according to population size, determined by calculating the fraction of sample that allowed us to obtain a coefficient supplier to select in a systematic way, taking into account the eight existing districts in the parish. ....................................................... The methodology used for this diagnosis was based on information previously obtained through the survey and direct interviews, then proceeded to the selection of the sample and then run surveys to farmers, with emphasis on components such as: information general, social educational, productive technical, economic, development, credit and marketing. Taken these parameters reflect these operations contained in mathematical statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, Ls - Li where the sample should not allow that, and percentage representation as bars and pie charts). .............................................................................. The producers of this area in general have their own land to cultivate but its length is given in small areas that Max has come up, which lack the resources necessary for production. The average school reaches the base level corresponding to 87.54%, which leads to there being no further progress. The largest area under this crop has a smooth topography by 70%, with a privileged location as it has the presence of watershed allowing 85% have access to irrigation, also maintain ancestral knowledge that apply to farming for production, using seed sector (local), likewise, the sowing and harvesting are given by the consumption and subsequent marketing. 83 The farmers surveyed identify and distinguish the presence and damage from pests and diseases attacking this crop, and apply both organic and chemical controls but without the proper expertise. ............................ The lack of credit and public or private incentive not do that there is a good utility that contributes to family economic improvement
Diagnóstico de la imagen corporativa como insumo de entrada en la gestión Institucional del Itsa Tres de Marzo”, para el primer semestre de 2011
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar. Departamento de Posgrado, 2011-07) López Benavides, Daisy Mireya; Monar, Nelson
The importance of this research focuses on the use of advertising project to enhance the corporate image as input of entry into the institutional management ITSA This problematic situation was considered as a lack of marketing the product and service offered by the institution, as the corporate image is not tailored to the needs of internal and external user does not identify its benefits and objectives. The general objective was: Implement Corporate Image Manual input as input in the governance of the ITSA Tres de Marzo, coordinating their implementation with the authorities, teachers, students and parents in which highly representative effect was determined as the application of the advertising project by creating the Department of Institutional Relations and paper, as well as commercials, radio time, newsletters in the different means of radio communication, as well as posters, leaflets, folding sheets, brochures, leaflets, roll up , banners, rolling; considering some definitions and prior to this served as support research to expand knowledge on the subject history. Methodologically speaking this study was oriented in an explanatory, descriptive, qualitative research, and field; focusing on secondary sources of information, concluding that the governance of the authorities with the community and the support of research has a positive impact as it helps to improve the quality of corporate image through marketing, product and service ITSA Institute offer, "Tres de Marzo" Chimbo Canton, Bolivar Province, for the effective difficulties that arise in young people when choosing the institution where they carry out their studies solution.
Evaluación agronómica de dos variedades de cebolla puerro (Allium purum L.), a tres tipos de fertilización orgánica en la comunidad “Cumanda el Molino” cantón Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Farez Ayol, Luis Abelardo; Monar, Nelson
The most important export countries for leeks in 2010 were Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain and the UK. Asia produces 48% of world demand; Europe 25% Latin America 7%, with a global average production of 32 t / ha. Organic farming, not synthetic chemical inputs used in production processes, ensures you get clean and fit for human consumption. This research was conducted in the "Cumanda" Community Guamote Canton, Province of Chimborazo. The objectives in this research were: i) to evaluate two varieties of onion leek with three types of organic fertilizers ii) study the main yield components of two varieties of onion leeks. iii) Perform a partial budget analysis and calculate the TMR. To test two varieties of leeks and three organic fertilizers were used. Design completely randomized blocks (RCBD) in factorial was applied. The main results were: Highest leek average performance was evaluated in the A2 (Goliath) 20 115.08 kg / ha, an increase of 1566 kg / ha compared to the A1 (Porbella) . The highest average yield was determined in the B3 (Leili 2000) whit 20 780.61 kg / ha. In the interaction of factors: leek varieties for fertilizer types the highest average yield was recorded in T7 (Goliath more 2.5 liters / ha Leili 2000 with) 22 641.83 kg / ha. Yield components (independent variables) that contributed to increase the yield of leek were: plant height; Sheet length; diameter, length and weight of the shaft. The best net economic benefit based on partial budget analysis, based solely on the costs that vary in each treatment was the T7 (A2B3) (Goliath variety more Leili 2000) H 9 780.8 / ha and 1988 TMR %. Finally, this research showed that may improve local production systems diversification and implementation of alternative crops such as leek crop and can orient organic production and therefore a healthy product for consumers and more competitive market segments organic
Evaluación agronómica del cultivo de girasol ornamental (Helianthus Annus) variedad Sunbright a la fertilización combinada química y orgánica en la parroquia Checa, provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2012) Collaguazo, Yadira; Toapanta, Franklin; Monar, Nelson
The cultivation of summer flowers acquires bigger importance in the Ecuador every day, due to its great demand in the countries developed as United States, they are also attracted by its coloring, diversified beauty, great quality and duration in the jardinière. Encouraged by private investment, the Ecuadorian floriculture has developed a product with excellent features, thanks to the climate of the country and innovated technology that is applied in the culture today Ecuadorian flowers are part of the Premium range of aspect that allowed position fit in major international markets become competitive and maintain quality status. This investigation was carried out in the towns of Checa to 2400 m, with a floor type free sandy, with a pH of 7, 33; and an annual precipitation average of 900 mm. In this investigation the following objetives: i) Evaluate the effect of three levels of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of ornamental sun flower variety Sunbright F1. ii) Measure the response of two doses of liquid Biol sunflower growing ornamental variety Sunbright F1. iii) Determine the cost benefit of the best validated treatment research. Design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with factorial arrangement (3x2 +1). The test consisted of 7 treatments per repetition results from a combination of three doses of chemical fertilizer with two doses of biol, with absolute control. Were conducted chemical analysis of soil and biol, analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5%; main effect for factor B (Biol dose), analysis of correlation and linear regression analysis of the relationship with the best cost benefit treatment. The main results obtained in this investigation were: • The average yield of sunflower chapters in the Checa area was: 351607 Chapters / ha, in the Select category was 116 732 chapters / ha for Medium was 113,016 flowers / ha and 121859 Petit chapters / ha. • The highest yield was obtained sunflower applying 200 kg / ha of 8-20-20 formula (A1) plus 200 liters of bio in 200 liters water / ha (B2) with 345.625 chapters / ha, of which 34% were of type Select, type 36% Medium and 30% Petit type. • On average the independent variables generally increased yield were the categories with 27% Select and Medium with 31%. • Economically the best treatment was T2 (A1B2), with a net profit of $13273, 29 / ha, with a RB / C $ 1, 64 and an RI / C of 0, 64 meaning that for every dollar invested a grower makes $ 0, 64 USD
Evaluación de la productividad del cultivo de coliflor (Brassica Oleracea) a la aplicación de tres tipos de abonos orgánicos con tres dosis, en las localidades de; Sacahuan Tiocajas y Laime Capulispungo de la parroquia matriz, cantón Guamote, provincia Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Apugllón Chimbo, Ana; Aucancela Ati, Nancy del Rocío; Monar, Nelson
Cauliflower is a cruciferous native of Asia Minor, regions Eastern Mediterranean. In ancient times it was not consumed as food. The Romans were the first to cultivate cauliflower. From Italy it spread to Mediterranean, through trade relations that took place at that time. It was in the sixteenth century when the crop went to France and England. In the Currently, China is the leading producer of cauliflower in the world. (Http://antonella-cauliflower.blogspot.com/....html.) Cauliflower is a vegetable rich in vitamins and minerals, low- glycosides and low in calories like other vegételes of the family cruciferous photo contains chemicals, which are substances natural that they have related to the prevention of some cancers. (Seymour, J. 1997) The cultivation of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) is very old, the world began from 1980-2009, it grew from 324 million to 881 million tons. In Ecuador 900 acres of cauliflower are grown, with an output of 11637 MT, and a national average yield of 12 93TM / ha, showing that his demand has started to rise in the local market and international, for the benefits outlined why producers are interested in improving production and productivity. (Zapata, O. 2008) Horticultural activity in Ecuador is very diverse, both for their particular primary production systems, such as the structural formation of the chains agribusiness in the country; It is basically concentrated in the highlands, both for their soil, climatic and social conditions, as techniques and systems production applied; general agriculture for small farmers, has a type of "domestic" character (III National Agricultural Census, Year. 2000) Besides the other cantons of Chimborazo have a yield of cauliflower It reached 23.5 MT / ha; contrasting with the average exists in the area not He reaches 7 MT / ha; considering components such as fertilizer type, dose application, seeds and varieties. (III National Agricultural Census, Year. 2000) In the province of Chimborazo specifically in the area of Guamote, the growing vegetables, especially cauliflower have great prospects to the future, however at the present time has not been given the utmost importance in the application of techniques to obtain parameters and knowledge apply to the increased exploitation of horticultural species for the producer and / or consumer values several advantages that improve efficiency local production systems. The use of organic fertilizers such as compost, Bocashi, Humus Worm, among others; allow proper management of natural resources agro productive, protecting health and the environment, lowering costs production, yields a diversified quality production supply local and international markets, higher income, given differential prices have clean products as well creation of jobs, in contrast to conventional production that It performed based on the technological packages, forcing the farmer demand a large investment in the productive processes with the use of pesticides that threaten the health, damage the environment, impoverishing our farmer is going every day, by poor demand It is being presented in the consumption of food produced conventionally national and global levels. (Rosas, A. 2005) The poor use of agrochemicals and poor agricultural practices producers and technicians, resulting in serious damage to nature and the pollution and environmental degradation in all its components, residual pesticide products, loss of biodiversity, erosion Sebora ground, high production costs, in human health problems, lack of competitiveness indicators, migration from the countryside to the city and abroad. Although horticultural crops have high expectations does not exist documented in the use of organic fertilizers information showing which can be as efficient and equal profitability is obtained, which allows us increase value added to compete with local niche markets national and international and demonstrate that organic agriculture is an option technological competitive production to resume the modes contributing to local medium and long term food security. For these reasons the realization of this research is warranted in the cultivation Cauliflower with the application of organic fertilizers, in order to lower costs, reduce environmental pollution, which will be accomplished through the use organic fertilizers and techniques which generate information to provide the farmer technical support in the production of this vegetable-focused management as well as validate agroecological measures to promote the obtaining clean crops to ensure food quality. The objectives in this study were:  Assess crop productivity cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) to application of three types of organic fertilizers and three doses at two locations.  Determine which of the three types of fertilizers is more efficient Cauliflower production in agro-ecological zones studied.  assess which of the three dose influences the production of cauliflower for study areas.  Perform a cost / benefit analysis. B / C
Evaluación de tres especies de gramíneas con una leguminosa en el establecimiento de potreros con tres niveles de fertilización, en la parroquia Sevilla Don Bosco, cantón Morona, provincia Morona Santiago
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Jimpikit Ankuash, Adriano; Monar, Nelson
In the province of Morona Santiago, an investigation was conducted according to the survey conducted in the areas of livestock production that it was considered a priority topic "evaluation of three grass species with a legume pastures in establishing three levels of fertilization" so that will improve grass production with great potential for nutrients, green stuff and feed many animals. The objectives in this research were. Identify the grass species present increased forage yield in association with perennial peanut. Determine appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fodder production dosage. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis (B / C). Disseminate the results through participatory research. This research was conducted in the province of Morona Santiago, Morona canton, Sevilla Don Bosco Parish, San Luis Inimkis industry. For this test three varieties of grasses and legumes in association plus 3 doses of fertilizer based on NP K (10-30-10) was used DBCA block design was used in a 3x3 factorial arrangement with 3 replications and major results obtained in this research were: the best option to establish a pasture in the eastern part of the country, reflected by their greater efficiency in agronomic yield components and Peanut is planted forage in association with the grass Setaria A3 with a yield of 101.5 MT / year. There was a very different response fertilizer rates relative to agronomic performance components and grass. Introducing the most efficient B2 yielding 113.2 Mt / year. The highest average was recorded in the treatment T9 (Peanut forage in association with the 681 gr + Setaria grass 10-30-10) with TM 124.4. / Ha / year. The independent variables that contributed to increased herbage yield were days to first cut; capacity; Yield Kg / m2. Economically technological alternative with the highest net benefit was T9: Peanut forage in association with the Setaria grass without fertilization; with a value of RB / C at $ 3.70 USD and RI / C of $ 2.70 USD
Evaluación agronómica de dos cultivares de brócoli (Brassica Oleracea L), con la aplicación de tres dosis de bioestimulante orgánico en el sector San Juan Chico, parroquia Calpi, provincia Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Ortíz, Roberto; Monar, Nelson
Broccoli is a valuable food for its high content of minerals such as potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, among others, being an important source of food. (Http://www .fao.org/inpho/content/documents/vlibrary/ae620s/Pfrescobrocoli.htm) Broccoli despite being a species already known and consumed vegetable in Roman times recently is widespread cultivation in different areas of the world, some countries have significantly increased their production in recent years, such is the case of Ecuador , which now provides the demand in northern Europe in 30 to 40% of frozen product. (Http://www.sica.gov.ec/agronegocios/Biblioteca/Ing% xportables20Rizzo/nuevos%20e/brocoli/brócoli_ecuador.htm) Broccoli production in Ecuador as the Third Census of Agriculture indicates that broccoli harvested acreage in the country was of 3,359 hectares, reaching a total production of 50 thousand tons, approximately, with an average yield of 14.6 MT per hectare. In analyzing the performance by producing province, is evidence that the Province of Chimborazo has acreage yield 3,545 MT / ha, considering aspects such as type of irrigation, seeds and varieties. (Http://www.sica.gov.ec/agrobusin es/Library/Ing%0exportables/brocoli/brocoli_ecuador.htm20Rizzo/nuevos%) In the area we have managed small capitalization producers thanks to the onion crop, or which are being funded with broccoli. (MEDINA, N. 2006) Biostimulants are a source of nutrients essential for plant physiological development. Therefore, the importance of these depends on the effect of these on the yield and quality of production. (Http://www.gruposegtec.com/fundloyola/do cumentos/Tesis/Bioestiulantes %20of%202007.pdf20Aguacate%) The purpose of this investigation was to obtain a technology to produce broccoli crops organically based on three doses of a bio-stimulant, contributed to this reduction of environmental pollution and obtained organic products for food security of the population. The objectives of this research were: Agronomically evaluate two commercial cultivars of broccoli, with the application of three doses of an organic bio-stimulant. Analyze the agronomic and productive features of each cultivar of broccoli. 101 Determine the most appropriate dose of organic bio-stimulant for improving the production of broccoli. An economic analysis, benefit-cost ratio B / C. The main results of this study are: Broccoli yield higher average, was seen in higher doses of biostimulant (1 cc / l) to 23840 kg / ha. The best yield of broccoli was obtained in the hybrid A2: Avenger to 23840 kg / ha In the interplay of factors: biostimulant by broccoli hybrids (AxB), the best yield was obtained in the treatment T5 (A2B2) to 23840 kg / ha. The yield components at harvest have contributed to higher average performance were: root volume, yield per plot. Treatment with the highest value in benefit-cost ratio was recorded in T5: A2B2 (Hybrid Avenger with doses of 1 cc / l of Biozyme) to $ 3.11. Finally, this investigation showed that the broccoli crop adapted efficiently in this agro-ecological zone, allowing more safely increase the efficiency of local production systems, helping improve the economy of the area
Evaluación agronómica de dos híbridos de brócoli (Brassica Oleracea L), dos densidades de plantación y dos dosis de biofertilizante bajo invernadero en la parroquia Calpi, provincia Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Granda, Jhon; Chucho, Jaime; Monar, Nelson
The broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea L) has a high nutritional value and medicinal, reason why that has become both in national and international markets demand that in recent decade has reached significant levels increasing acreage becoming this first export vegetable Ecuador producer. This research was conducted in San Juan Chico sector, Calpi parish Chimborazo province at an altitude of 2850 m and with a free sandy soil with a alkalinity Ph 8.7 type. The test was conducted from April 1, 2010 and the objectives for this research were: The agronomic evaluation of two hybrids broccoli with two densities of planting and two doses of organic fertilizer under greenhouse and thus to determine which of the organic fertilizer applied dose is appropriate, identify which of the two agronomic varieties evaluation gets higher performance, determine which of the two planting densities are the best and ultimately benefit cost analyze the relationship. It had been used a design block completely at random (DBCA) pursuant 2 x 2 x 2 factorial, A factor corresponded to two broccoli hybrid (legacy and coronado);B factor corresponded to the sowing density (40 x 60, 50 x 60 and the C factor corresponds to the fertilizer dose of (8 cc, 12 cc); tested on eight treatments and three repetitions and conducted analysis of ADEVA variance, main effect for broccoli, hybrids test Tukey 5% to compare averages of interactions A x B x C, be conducted regression analysis and simple correlation between variables, performed benefit ratio analysis cost also performing partial budget of dominance and the marginal rate of return calculation. The respond to the Broccoli hybrid for most of components it was very different, higher average yield of broccoli in the interaction of factors was evaluated for the hybrid legacy with 37580Kg / ha. - 114 - The implementation of 480 l / ha of organic fertilization it had the highest average yield 32520 kg / ha. The performance components (independent variables that have contributed to increase the performance of broccoli were percentage of apprehension of plant; highest plant; height width, length, and number of leafs ;) stem diameter; Pella wide and diameter and finally the root volume until harvest. The best net benefit to the economic analysis of the highest benefit and therefore the TMR technological option was the T2: A1B1C2 (legacy hybrid, planting density, fertilization dose) with 3.62%. Finally this study showed that broccoli productivity systems can be improved with the legacy hybrid with the diversification and implementation as alternative crops in an approach to production professional, production-oriented organic contributing this way to improve the sustainability of our Ecuadorian agro markets
Evaluación agronómica de dos hibridos de romanesco, (Brassica Oleracea L.) con cuatro tipos de fertilización orgánico y químico, comunidad de Laguacoto cantón Guaranda
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2012) Caspi Pilamunga, Estuardo Neicer; Monar, Nelson
The organic and natural allowances have already won an important space in the world market. The Roman one in Europe is carried out in the French Great Britain, to the south of England, in Italy and Spain. He/she is considered a surface of the cultivation in a total of 2250 hectares, of which 800 are cultivated in Spain and of them 80% in the mediterranean area, (Valencia and Murcia) with majority destination to the export in fresh. In the Ecuador you began to know to principle of the decade of the ninety for the company, ECOFROZ who was devoted to cultivate forty hectares in the sector of Machachi, as well as, NINTANGA with a biweekly hectare of siembra for the sector of Salcedo and for the year 1999 increased in 285 hectares, the year that more surface was devoted to this cultivation was, with a production of 2128 tons and a half production of 7,46 t/ha. The faulty use of the agroquímicos and the farmers' agricultural practical malas and technical, it has produced a serious damage in the nature like the contamination of the atmosphere with all their components, residual of pesticides in the products, loss of the biodiversity, severe erosion of the floor and higher costs of production. With the present investigation technological components will be validated to improve the efficiency of the productive chains of the systems of local productions and this way to contribute to the improvement of the conditions of life of the farmers. The objectives outlined in this investigation were: To evaluate two agronomically hybrid of Roman (Brassica oleracea L), with four fertilization types, three organic and one chemical. To study the components of the hybrid yield of two of Roman in the Community of Laguacoto. To evaluate the effect of the organic fertilization and chemistry in two hybrid of Roman. To carry out an economic analysis relationship Benefit-Cost (RB/C.). The present investigation was carried out in the Community of Laguacoto. Parish Veitimilla, Canton Guaranda, County Bolívar, which is located to 2640 msnm. The main obtained results were: The agronomic answer of Roman in that makes reference to the yield; the hybrid one that better adaptation had in the area was the A1: (Verónica) with 116447,7 Kg/Ha. As for the types of applied fertilizers it was the factor (B), the biggest yield for hectare registered in him B1 (Chemical) with a 75 weight of 13182 Kg/Ha. The best treatments selected by their high-performance in this investigation were: the T1 with 14202 Kg/Ha; the T5 with 121616 Kg/Ha and the T8 120556 Kg/Ha. The components that increased the yield of the hybrid ones of Roman were: Plant height to the 30 and 60 days, diameter of pellet axis, pellet diameter and yield parcels on the average in kilograms general what reduced the yield in 21% was: days to the crop in the cultivation. Finally whereas clause from the agronomic and economic point of views the best treatment was the T1. With the total net profits ($/ it parcels), evaluated in this higher investigation with $1, 29/ 6 m2 and the relationship higher beneficio/costo: RB/C 1, 25 and a RI/C 0, 25. This means that the producer for each overturned dollar has a gain of $0, 25 cents of dollar
Evaluación agronómica de dos híbridos de zucchini (Cucúrbita pepo L.), con dos tipos de fertilizantes orgánicos en la parroquia Licto, provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Gualle Lema, Angel Armando; Monar, Nelson
Agronomic evaluation of two hybrid zucchini (Cucúrbita pepo L.), with two types of organic fertilizers in the parish Licto, province of Chimborazo. The objectives in this research were to determine that grow zucchini is more productive in the study area. To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer in crop production zucchini. Conduct an economic analysis of the Benefit - Cost (BR / C). The research was conducted in the province of Chimborazo; Riobamba Canton; Parish: Licto; Community: José María Velasco Ibarra (Pompeii); one DBCA was used in factorial 2x3; for which two hybrid zucchini (Clipper Green and Black Beauty) was used with 5 doses of organic abonadura (Ecoabonaza and Gallinaza in doses of 8 MT / ha and 10 MT / ha). The results are: The agronomic crop response zucchini in this agro-ecological zone in most of the evaluated variables were similar. As refers to the performance; The hybrid that better adaptation was in the area was A2 (Black Beauty) to 25.9 MT / ha. As for fertilizer types and doses applied to the crop factor B2 (Ecoabonaza 8 T / ha) was the best response I had on performance with a weight of 26.4 MT / ha. The best treatment selected for its high performance in this research was: the T5 (Black Beauty + Ecoabonaza 10 T / ha) with 27.1 MT / ha. The components increased performance hybrids zucchini occurred in the relationship or association of yield per plant and plot yield in kg versus performance with R2 value of 100%. Finally considering from agronomically and economically, the best treatment was T5 (Black Beauty + Ecoabonaza 10 T / ha) with the highest profit of $ 644, 5 USD / ha and Benefit - Cost (BR / C) of 1.11 and RC / I of $ 0.11
Evaluación agronómica de plantas de quishuar (Buddleja Incana) propagadas por estacas, utilizando cuatro tipos de sustratos y dos tipos enraizadores, en cantón Guamote provincia Chimborazo
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Guairacaja Yautibug, José; Monar, Nelson
In the last decades the afforestation and reforestation at world level have been to implement in the farmers, and in the population in general as a production system, in Latin America it has not occurred great importance to native species as the Quishuar, one of the main reasons is the lack of information that can be on this topic and the lack of investigations on the handling and the behavior. In Ecuador, the Quishuar is in the whole mountain from the Carchi until Loja. In a the county of Chimborazo took place as 6.000 plántulas of Quishuar in nurseries the same ones that were planted in definitive places in the communities of Tiocajas, Santa Rosa of Tomaloma For the regeneration of the Quishuar for seed under normal environmental conditions is required of a relatively long time of 5 months. The present investigation is justified because when evaluating the process of asexual multiplication of stakes of Quishuar, using bases and hormones. The objectives outlined in this investigation were: The basis that provides the biggest development in the stakes of Quishuar to settle down. To identify in which of the two hormones bigger apprehension is obtained. To carry out the economic analysis of benefit cost (B/C) of the best treatment. The present investigation was carried out in the community of Tiocajas Santa rose of Tomaloma, belonging to the parish of Guamote county of Chimborazo. A DBCA was used (Design of Complete Blocks at random) in factorial arrangement 4 x 2+ 1 x 3. The main obtained summations were: The basis that I present a better answer lightly as for the plant height to the 120 days was the A2: Sand 20% + it Upsets 30%. + smoke 20% + Earth 30% with the 7,6 cm. The hormone with the biggest percentage in apprehension of stakes of Quishuar to the 40 days was Root Most with 60,3%. In the interaction of factors AxB, the highest percentage of survival in plants was evaluated in the T2: A1B2 (Sand 25% + it Upsets 20%. + smoke 30% + Earth 25% but Root Most) with 71,1%. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a bigger percentage of survival of plants to the 120 days were: height of plants to the 60 and 120 days; bud Longitude to the 60 and 120 days; number and longitude of leaves to the 120 days; bud diameter to the 60 and 120 days; volume and root longitude to the 120 days. Economically the treatment with the highest net profit was the T2: A1B2 (Sand 25% + it Upsets 20%. + smoke 30% + Earth 25% but Root 93 Most) with $. 2,17 of RB/C and a value of RI/C of $1.17. Finally this study contributed to determine that the asexual propagation of the Quishuar by means of stakes, is more efficient in time, with 60 days less in relation to the one to sexual propagation, that makes more competitive the activity
Evaluación agronómica de tres densidades de siembra en el cultivo de tomillo Thymus vulgaris, mediante la aplicación de tres fertilizantes orgánicos, con fines de exportación, en la parroquia de Yaruqui, provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Burri, Anna; Piarpuezán Caicedo, Oswaldo; Monar, Nelson
The origin of this aromatic plant is the Mediterranean. The common thyme, is an evergreen shrub belonging to the Labiatae, has perennial features, which means that this plant has leaves all year round. The main production of thyme is in the Mediterranean area. This research was conducted in Yaruqui to 2,521 m. The soil was sandy loam with a pH of 6.5 and an average rainfall of 1053 mm. The objectives were : i ) To study the effect of three planting densities and three types of organic fertilization , ii ) Determine the nutritional analysis of Thyme, and iii ) Conduct economic analysis and calculate the partial budget TMR %. Design was a randomized complete block in 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with 4 replications. The A factor corresponded to densities of thyme: 20 - 30 plants/m2. The factor B was the types of fertilizers: organics and chemical fertilizer. The effect of planting density had a linear trend with significant differences, the highest average thyme green matter was recorded in A3, with 30,950 kg/ha of green matter. The response rate was highly significant fertilizers; evaluating the highest average thyme performance in chemical fertilization with 27,803 kg/ha green matter. In the interaction of factors (AxB), the highest average was quantified in the treatment T12: A3B4 with 34,597 kg / ha. In the proximal analysis, there was a higher average dry matter, fiber and nitrogen elements with chemical fertilizers compared to organic fertilizers. Economically, the best alternative treatment technology was T8: A2B4 (25 plants/m2 with chemical fertilization), with a net profit of $ 24,663 / ha, and 714 % TMR
Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de trachelium ( Trachelium Caeruleum) a la aplicación de tres dosis de fertilización orgánica (Té de Bocashi) en el Quinche, provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Espinoza Quilca, Naijo Mauricio; Monar, Nelson
Flowers, despite being a luxury product they have won today many social, cultural and economic importacia in our country and the world. The International Association of Horticultural Producers revealed that until 2004 the muldial acreage cut flowers and pot plants was 360 000 hectares. Holland. United States and Japan are the countries that control approximately 50% of world production. In Latin America the main suppliers of flowers to the world are Colombia and Ecuador being the main destination of sales, USA, Ecuadorian flowers are considered the best in the world for its quality and bellaza and effort of the flower industry to convert to Ecuador the world's leading producer of alguanas varieties: Gypsophilia and Hypedricum. (Http: // www.sbs.gob.ec/medios...html). In Ecuador flower production was consolidated as the fourth export sector with over $ 500 million annual sales. With a significant growth of 29 plantations in 1990 with less than 200 hectares in total 3200 ha in 2002 and 5800 has in 2008 this sector actualemente employs about 10,000 workers directly and per capita income of floriculture cantons on 50% higher the national average. The strength of the flower industry and its heavy investment in diversification and managed to sustain its high quality products reach 91 countries (http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/exportadcion....html) exports our country in 2007-2008 is a clear example of our market reality: United States 61%; Netherlands 11%; Russia 11%; Chile%; Japan 0.5%; and the remaining 15% to other world destinations
Evaluación agronómica del cultivo de acelga (Beta vulgaris. L. var. cicla). con la utilización de tres bioestimulantes en tres dosis diferentes. parroquia Pifo, provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Cevallos Caiza, Carlos Daniel; Monar, Nelson
Chart growing (Beta vulgaris L. Var. Cicla) in recent years has dyed a slight increase in production; the country’s main export destination is France. Fresh consumption increased slightly since the market is all year, the industry is offering news features, kill entire, leaf and stalk. Bioestimulants are molecules whit a very wide range of structures can be composed of hormones or metabolically active plant extracts, such us amino acids (aa) and giel and to overcome periods of stress. This research was conduct, in the Parish of Pifo on the grounds of Mrs. Esperanza Pillajo. The site is at an altitude of 2414msnm, whit an average temperature of 16 degust celsius, whit an aver anger rainfall of 120mm, a sandy loam soil type. This essay was installed August 01, 2010 in summer season. The objectives that emerged from this research were:  Determined witch of the tree bioestimulantes is suitable for the production of the crop of chard.  Establish witch of the tree doses the development of the crop of chard.  Conduct an economic benefit / cost. In this study we used a Complete Block Design in a Randomized Factorial 3x3 + 1 testing. Was performed soil Chemical analysis, variance analysis Tukey test at 5%, to compare means of factor (A) and interactions. We conformed a partial budget economic analysis of dominance and calculation of TRM (%). The most important results summarizers in this study were: The response of different doses bioestimulantes more growing chard (Beta vulgaris L. Var. Cicla) evaluated in this agro-ecological zone were different. - The highest average yield of the crop of chard (Beta vulgaris L. Var. Cicla) was recorded in treatment T9 to 18410 kg / ha and T8 to 17460 kg / ha. - The factor A (types of bioestimulantes) highest factor was assessed in A3 to 17110 kg / ha. - For Factor B (dose) with better performance in the crop of chard (Beta vulgaris L. Var. Cicla) was found in the B3 treatment: high-dose 15110 kg / ha. - Economically, the treatment with the best cost / benefit ratio was T8 T9 (Provision of fruit more high and medium dose) to $ 3.21 and 3.06, - Finally, this research contributes to select the best treatment for high yield and quality for growing chard (Beta vulgaris L. Var. Cicla) in this agro-ecological zone which enhances the efficiency of local production systems
Evaluación agronómica del cultivo de Chia (Salvia Hispánica L) con dos densidades de siembra y tres tipos de fertilizante orgánico, en San Pablo de Atenas, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2012) Almendáriz, Patricio Edilberto; Monar, Nelson
The cultivation of chia (Salvia hispanica) is considered among a crop that takes global importance to agriculture and its various derivatives. In Ecuador has been developing since its introduction in 2005 growing the company through which is formed Chia SA International Corporation. Carrying out the operation in the north and central coast region's production is exported to different countries. In our country we have no agronomic value of the crop and its production is starting its introduction in the coastal area and the northern part of the country due to the need for crops that have their production in less time, your nutritional source, high in protein and omega 3 plus drought tolerance, resistance to pests and diseases among others, this being a guideline to encourage crop planting in our area Chia. This research was conducted in the locality San Pablo Viejo, Canton San Miguel, Bolivar province. The site is located at 2,463 m, clay loam soil type, average temperature of 15.2 o C and an average annual rainfall of 1650 mm. According to the classification of life zones, the training site corresponds to low montane wet forest (bh-MB). The objectives of this research were: Evaluate agronomic cultivation of chia with two planting densities and three types of organic fertilizers. Assess which of the two stocking densities is the most recommended due to the San Pablo. Determine which of the three types of organic fertilizers influencing crop production of chia. Conduct a cost benefit economic analysis. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with factorial 2 x 3 with 3 replications. Factor A: accounted for two densities, B, were types of organic fertilizers B. The most significant results obtained in this study were: The average yield of the cultivation of chia was similar for treatments but numerically the highest was recorded in T6 with 1912.00 kg / ha. moisture, followed by T4 to 1906.00 kg / ha. to 12% humidity. The highest average yield main effect of seeding density was A1 with 1888.27 kg / ha. to 14% humidity. In the types of organic 82 fertilization performance numerical average more ele-vate were quantified with B1 (Ecoabonaza) to 1689,00 Kg/ha. with 12% humidity. Yield components that had a significant correlation and regression-nificant positive performance as evaluated in kg / ha at 12% moisture were arms length at 120 days and length of inflorescence at 90 days. Yield components that had a significant correlation and regression-nificant negative effect on performance was the height of plant at 49%. Economically the best alternative technology for growing Chia was the T6, with a value of B / C of $ 3.99 and an RI / C $ 2.99. and a net profit of $ 3581.33 / ha. The shekel of the crop is in 145 days to harvest valid for this area; Finally, this research showed that can enhance local production systems and implementing diversification chia, can orient an organic production
Evaluación agronómica del cultivo de pepinillo (Cucumis Sativus L.) Hìbrido Panther F1 a la aplicación complementaria de tres fertilizantes foliares orgánicos con tres diferentes dosis, en la parroquia de Tumbaco provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Usiña Cases, Guido Bolívar; Usiña Cases, Vilma Alexandra; Monar, Nelson
The depletion of conventional agricultural system, for many reasons, has prompted the search for sustainable alternative technologies to maintain a high production yield. Foliar fertilization is one which fits the nutritional requirements, resulting in an increase in yield and quality. For the considerations outlined in this investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of three organic foliar fertilizer applied in a complementary way to the cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L), F1 hybrid Panther defined the following objectives: • Establish which of the three foliar organic fertilizers can improve crop production pickle. • Determine the cucumber crop production in each of the doses of organic foliar fertilizer. • Perform an economic analysis of the B / C. The test was run on the Tola Barrio Girl # 3. Located in the parish of Tumbaco, Canton Quito, Pichincha Province, in the area the average temperature is 15.7 o C, recorded an average annual rainfall of 867 mm, is located at an altitude of 2465 meters. The investigation was set in an area of flat topography, sandy loam, with a high organic matter content of 2.11% and partially neutral pH 7.4, soil analysis showed the following levels, excess phosphorus, potassium and enough under nitrogen. We used a completely randomized design (DCA). This experiment was conducted using F1 hybrid cucumber Phanta, and the factor being studied: We used three organic foliar fertilizers in different doses and a control. The experiment was carried within the parameters of organic agriculture, basic fertilization with organic fertilizers are made to be incorporated prior to planting, with emphasis on organic gardening, organic products are used to control pests and diseases, and practices cultural and physical. The analysis of variance, 5% Tukey test to compare means of treatments, correlation and regression linear, analysis and economic analysis B / C. 82 The main results obtained in this study were: • The response of the treatments evaluated in cucumber in all yield components were homogeneous • According to the statistical analysis, the average yield was highest in treatment T9 (bio Fitomare X 3 ml/l water) the same as that presented a greater influence on vegetative growth and a yield of 7.34 MT / ha. • The independent variables that contributed to increased performance were average length of the guide blade length of 60 days, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter. • In economic analysis, the treatment had the highest benefit / cost ratio was T4 (Aborganliq 8 ml/l water) with 1.60 meaning that for every dollar invested and earns 0.60 USD recovered. because they received more income from sales and high performance.
Evaluación de cuatro sustratos y dos fitohormonas en el prendimiento de estacas de caña guadúa (Guadúa angustifolia) en el sitio el Mirador, cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Andrade Núñez, Darwin Hernán; Monar, Nelson
In the world, you begin to look to the cane guadúa like an ecological alternative, since its use in several productive processes would reduce the impact on the native forests, because the guadúa can be a substitute of the wood. This investigation was carried in the Mirador, Echeandía city, Bolívar state, to an altitude of 600 mls. The objectives outlined in this investigative work were: i) Evaluate the effect of four bases and two fitohormonas in the asexual propagation of guadúa plants in nursery. ii) Determine the effect of four types of organic bases on the apprehension of guadúa plants in nursery. iii) Measure the answer of two types of hormones in the asexual propagation of guadúa plants in nursery and their effect in the apprehension components and survival of plants. iv) Carry out a budget economic analysis partially and Marginal Rate of Return (TMR%). A design of Complete Blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 4x2. Factor A corresponded to four types of bases: A1: Earth of Guabo, A2: Humus of Worm, A3: Shell of Cocoa and A4: Earth of the Place. The Factor B was two types of hormones B1: Cytokin and B2: Rootmost. Eight treatments were had with three repetitions. They were carried out variance analysis, main effect for types of hormones, test of Tukey for factor A, Types of bases and interactions AxB. Correlation analysis and economic of budget partially and calculation of the TMR%. The more important results were: The basis with the percentage of survival of higher guadúa to the 90 days was the A1: Earth of Guabo with 89,67%. The hormone with the biggest percentage of survival of guadúa plants to the 90 days was Cytokin with 79,17%. In the interaction of factors AxB, the highest percentage of survival in plants was evaluated in the T 1: A1B1 (Guabo Earth with the hormone Cytokin) with 90,33%. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a bigger percentage of survival of plants to the 90 days were: percentage of apprehension of plants to the 30 and 60 days, height of the bud to the 60 and 90 days, diameter of the shaft to the 90 days and root volume to the 90 days. Economically the treatment with the highest net profit was the T5: A3B1 (Shell of cocoa with the hormone Cytokin) with $. 44,48 and a value of TMR of 37%. Finally this study contributed to improve the asexual propagation of cane guadúa, 123 having plants of good quality, very developed and in smaller time, with 60 days less in relation to the one to conventional propagation, that makes more competitive the activity of the viverista
Evaluación de la productividad del cultivo de pimiento nathalie f1 (Capsicum Annuum L) utilizando dos densidades de plantación y tres tipos de fertilización orgánica, en la parroquia de Checa cantón Quito provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2012) Ríos Endara, Gabriela de los Ángeles; Monar, Nelson
The cultivation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has become along the time in one of the vegetables with more expansion around the world jointly with the tomato, it indicates us the importance of pepper in the nutrition of thousand persons in the whole world. According to the “III Censo Nacional Agropecuario “of 2003; in Ecuador were planted 1145 Ha of pepper as only crop and as associated with other kind of crops, which are only 0.08% of the total nationwide, of those only 1070 Ha were harvested, it means 0.09% respectively of the total nationwide. In the same way we obtained a production of 5517 tonnes of pepper with a sale equivalent to 5413 tonnes which corresponded to 0.04% and 0.2% of the total nationwide. An important fact, in the optimal production of peppers is the effect of plant density by hectare and the spacing of these with the incidence of pests and diseases, the effectiveness of insecticide applications and harvesting. The doubts of the farmers about crops' technical management causes that they apply traditional practices which raise the production and decreases the quality of these ones, all this because they are not able to use fertilization systems, planting densities’ and only few persons know about organic methods in vegetable production, but they refuse to use it. In order to contribute with technical information that could help us to improve pepper crops was made this research that was commissioned to assess the crops’ productivity; also we used two plants densities and three types of organic fertilizer. Moreover, we used hybrid pepper plants Nathalie because it was better features, strength and quality to be cultivated in open fields. The objectives in this research were: • Evaluate crop productivity Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using two plant densities and three types of organic fertilization. • Assess which of these two densities have better performance. • Determine which of these three organic fertilizers have greater effect in the crops productivity. • Make an analysis economic about cost-benefit. 77 . This research was developed in the Province of Pichincha, Canton Quito, Town of Checa, Las Hortensias’ farm. For the study, we used a complete randomized design (DBCA) with factorial 2 x 3 and 3 repetitions. Testing with the Tukey Proof’s in 5% to compare the middle the factor A, B and interaction AxB in correlation and simple linear regression which determined the cost-benefit relation. The mains conclusions obtained in this investigation were: • The answer in most of the variables was different in this location. • The best performance was obtained with a pepper plant density of 0.40 m x 0.60 m (A2) with 165.92 kg / plot, although statistically it has not a significant difference. • The Organic fertilization B3: Bioway with middle dose of 10 T / ha, was the most suitable for the cultivation of pepper in open fields because it showed high performance of 206.5 kg / plot during t the growing season. • The interaction of the best response was obtained in the T6 yield (A2B3) with 256.0 kg / plot • The economic analysis showed that the best treatment T6 (A2B3), recording a RB / C $ 1.39 and a RI / C of 0.39 cents, it means that the farmer earns 0.39 cents for every dollar invested. • The variables that increased the efficiency were: number of fruits per plant, diameter, fruit’s length and performance per plant
Implantación de cuatro sistemas agrosilvopastoriles, en la comunidad San Cristóbal, parroquia Balsapamba, cantón San Miguel, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, 2015) Poveda Merino, Jorge Giovanny; Peralta Vera, Pedro Orlando; Monar, Nelson
Se implementaron cuatro sistemas agrosilvopastoriles, en la finca del Sr. Rómulo Falconí en la comunidad “San Cristóbal” parroquia Balsapamba, cantón Sanc Miguel, provincia Bolívar, misma que se encuentra ubicada a 1.131 m, con unac temperatura media anual de 20 °C y una precipitación de 1.375 mm. Los objetivosc fueron: i) Realizar los análisis físicos, químicos completos del suelo de una fincac en estudio; ii) Implantar cuatro sistemas Agrosilvopastoriles; iii) Analizar elc contenido nutricional de cuatro variedades de pastos en estudio; iv) Realizar unc análisis de la viabilidad económica de los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles a medianoc plazo. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 (mango, laurel, cacao, guanábana y pasto marandú), T2 (zapote, guanábana, maíz, fréjol y pasto saboya), T3 (aguacate, cacao, guaba, café y pasto Brachiaria decumbens) y T4 (pasto elefante). Los principales indicadores que se evaluaron fueron: físicos, químicos y económicos. Se realizaron análisis físico y químicos de suelos y de pastos, análisis de varianzas, pruebas de Tukey al 5% para tratamientos, análisis de correlación y regresión lineal para especies forestales, análisis económico para la determinación de la relación beneficio costo. En cuanto a la extracción total de macronutrientes (N - P - K), en el T1 (pasto marandú) se obtuvo el porcentaje más alto de nitrógeno de 383,36 kg/ha en promedio; en lo que se refiere a fósforo y potasio se encontró en el T4 (pasto elefante) con promedios de 35,39 (P) y 165,43 (K) Kg/ha. El contenido de proteína más alto en el pasto se presentó en el T2 (pasto saboya) con un promedio del 13,47%. En cuanto al valor de la materia fresca el porcentaje más alto se encontró en el T4 (pasto elefante) con un promedio de 91.291,29 kg/ha. Se demostró una correlación positiva en cuanto alturas de plántulas de mango con 0,924 y guanábana con 0,804. El pasto de mayor aceptación por los bovinos fue del T3 (pasto Brachiaria decumbens) con un consumo de 27,25 Kg/día/animal. Los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles que presentaron mayor rentabilidad en una estimación a cinco años y en relación al valor actual neto; fueron el T3 con $8.149,16 y del T1 con $5.948,05. En 102síntesis en la evaluación preliminar, se determinó que estos sistemas son viables y en función de los indicadores del capital natural (suelo, agua, aire y biodiversidad) y económicos, superan ampliamente al sistema de los productores que incluyen únicamente el pasto elefante.
Inventario de especies arbóreas del bosque nativo San José de las Palmas, parroquia San Pablo, cantón San Miguel, provincia de Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Castillo Guizado, Orlando Javier; Monar, Nelson
6.2. Summary A botanic study was carried out in the San José de las Palmas humid montane Andean forest (San Pablo sector, San Miguel parish, Guaranda canton, Bolivar province, Ecuador). This particular forest is spread over 34 Ha and is being highly and quickly deforested. It can be considered a good representative of all native Andean forests in Ecuador and gathers an incredible biodiversity. Consequently, we believe increasing the scientific knowledge about this habitat constitutes an essential step towards a better recognition and forest preservation. The main goals established for this study are: inventorying the tree species, characterizing and estimating the tree diversity as well as making a floristic comparison with a similar forest. Three parallel transects of 100 x 4 m and separated by 200 m in altitude were set in the forest. All trees with a DBH > 2 cm were taken into account and sampled. The taxonomic determination process took place at the ESPOCH Herbarium and the results were tabulated and analyzed using Excel. A total of 108 individuals, corresponding to 42 species and 24 angiosperm families were inventoried. Within the overall diversity we obtained a mean tree specimen with the following characteristics: a 20.73 ± 14 cm DBH, a 0.049 ± 0.08 m2 basal area, a 12.1 ± 4.75 m height, a 0.76 ± 1.52 m 3 volume and a 0.83 ± 0.44 cm bark thickness. Categorization of the trees can be summed up as 28% of dominant species (> 16 m), 26% of codominant (11-15 m), 35% of intermediates (6-10 m) and 11% of repressed species (1-5 m). Each determined species was precisely described and characterized. Of all species, 8 were highlighted as endangered according to the UICN Red List for Endangered Species. The Simpson Diversity Index was used in order to estimate the tree diversity. We obtained the very high value of 0.95 for the index, which indicates that the San José de Las Palmas forest is highly diverse. A floristic comparison was conducted between the San José de las Palmas forest and the Porvenir forest (TESIS, Melendez, V. 2010) using the Sorensen Similarity Index. A high similarity value was expected as both forests are ecologically and geographically close. Nonetheless, the SSI value obtained reached only 23%, which we assume is due to a significant difference in some environmental factors not taken into account in the study. The results obtained confirm the San José de las Palmas forest presents an outstanding phytodiversity and a high ecological value. Therefore, raising awareness among the community regarding the importance of these resources as well as taking imminent joint actions with governmental institutions are crucial so to assure the conservation of Andean montane forests