Evaluación agronómica de dos cultivares de brócoli (Brassica Oleracea L), con la aplicación de tres dosis de bioestimulante orgánico en el sector San Juan Chico, parroquia Calpi, provincia Chimborazo

Abstract

Broccoli is a valuable food for its high content of minerals such as potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, among others, being an important source of food. (Http://www .fao.org/inpho/content/documents/vlibrary/ae620s/Pfrescobrocoli.htm) Broccoli despite being a species already known and consumed vegetable in Roman times recently is widespread cultivation in different areas of the world, some countries have significantly increased their production in recent years, such is the case of Ecuador , which now provides the demand in northern Europe in 30 to 40% of frozen product. (Http://www.sica.gov.ec/agronegocios/Biblioteca/Ing% xportables20Rizzo/nuevos%20e/brocoli/brócoli_ecuador.htm) Broccoli production in Ecuador as the Third Census of Agriculture indicates that broccoli harvested acreage in the country was of 3,359 hectares, reaching a total production of 50 thousand tons, approximately, with an average yield of 14.6 MT per hectare. In analyzing the performance by producing province, is evidence that the Province of Chimborazo has acreage yield 3,545 MT / ha, considering aspects such as type of irrigation, seeds and varieties. (Http://www.sica.gov.ec/agrobusin es/Library/Ing%0exportables/brocoli/brocoli_ecuador.htm20Rizzo/nuevos%) In the area we have managed small capitalization producers thanks to the onion crop, or which are being funded with broccoli. (MEDINA, N. 2006) Biostimulants are a source of nutrients essential for plant physiological development. Therefore, the importance of these depends on the effect of these on the yield and quality of production. (Http://www.gruposegtec.com/fundloyola/do cumentos/Tesis/Bioestiulantes %20of%202007.pdf20Aguacate%) The purpose of this investigation was to obtain a technology to produce broccoli crops organically based on three doses of a bio-stimulant, contributed to this reduction of environmental pollution and obtained organic products for food security of the population. The objectives of this research were: Agronomically evaluate two commercial cultivars of broccoli, with the application of three doses of an organic bio-stimulant. Analyze the agronomic and productive features of each cultivar of broccoli. 101 Determine the most appropriate dose of organic bio-stimulant for improving the production of broccoli. An economic analysis, benefit-cost ratio B / C. The main results of this study are: Broccoli yield higher average, was seen in higher doses of biostimulant (1 cc / l) to 23840 kg / ha. The best yield of broccoli was obtained in the hybrid A2: Avenger to 23840 kg / ha In the interplay of factors: biostimulant by broccoli hybrids (AxB), the best yield was obtained in the treatment T5 (A2B2) to 23840 kg / ha. The yield components at harvest have contributed to higher average performance were: root volume, yield per plot. Treatment with the highest value in benefit-cost ratio was recorded in T5: A2B2 (Hybrid Avenger with doses of 1 cc / l of Biozyme) to $ 3.11. Finally, this investigation showed that the broccoli crop adapted efficiently in this agro-ecological zone, allowing more safely increase the efficiency of local production systems, helping improve the economy of the area