Agronomía
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Item Evaluación de la fertilización química y orgánica en Chocho (Lupinus mutabilis sweet), variedad INIAP – 451 Guaranguito en dos sistemas de producción en la comunidad de Tagma, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar – Ecuador(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Arévalo Tenelema, Inti Sebasthián; Monar, CarlosEl chocho junto con la quinua, amaranto y ataco son uno de los cultivos más importantes en la alimentación, principalmente de los pueblos andinos del Ecuador. Estos granos andinos se caracterizan por su alto contenido de proteína, grasa, minerales y fibra, lo que determina su valor e importancia en la alimentación humana. Esta investigación se realizó en la localidad de Tagma, cantón Guaranda. El suelo donde se realizó esta investigación presentó una textura franco limoso, un pH de 6.7, y un contenido medio de materia orgánica. Los objetivos fueron: i) Medir el efecto de la fertilización química y orgánica sobre los componentes del rendimiento en el cultivo de chocho variedad INIAP – 451 Guaranguito; ii) Estudiar el efecto de dos sistemas de producción de chocho; iii) Realizar el Análisis Económico de Presupuesto Parcial (AEPP) y calcular la Tasa Marginal de Retorno (TMR %). Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar en arreglo factorial: dos sistemas de producción con la fertilización química y orgánica con tres repeticiones. Se realizaron análisis de varianza, prueba de Tukey al 5% para factor B e interacción de factores A x B, análisis de correlación y regresión lineal simple, efecto principal para los sistemas de producción y análisis económico de presupuesto parcial y cálculo de tasa marginal de retorno. La respuesta de los sistemas de producción para la mayoría de los componentes del rendimiento fueron muy diferentes. El rendimiento promedio más alto se registró en A1: rotación papa-chocho. La respuesta de fertilización química y orgánica, para la mayoría de los componentes del rendimiento fueron similares. En las interacciones de los factores; los tratamientos con el valor promedio más alto de rendimiento se registraron en el T1: testigo (rotación papa-chocho) y T2: (rotación papa-chocho con óptimo químico) con 2697.9 Kg/ha. Económicamente en suelos de buena calidad en función del análisis químico completo del suelo y rotación de cultivo con papa se recomienda sembrar sin la aplicación de fertilizantes. Finalmente este estudio permitió validar alternativas tecnológicas sostenibles económica y socialmente para el agricultor.Item Respuesta del maíz (Zea mayz L.) iniap 111 al biofertilizante y fertilización nitrogenada, en la granja Laguacoto III, canton Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Changoluisa Gavi, Galo Fernando; Monar, CarlosAt national level the cultivation of corn is a working source for thousands of Ecuadorian. The production of corn is carried out mainly in lands of irregular topography, where the small property prevails and in 86% the production system is the corn associated with bean of type Mixturiado, particularly in the Bolívar State. By means of studies carried out by the Department of Handling of soils and Waters (DMSA), of the INIAP Santa Catalina has been demonstrated that the nitrogen (N) you/he/she is the main restrictive element of the production and due to a low efficiency of the same one, which is leached as Nitrates, you volatiliza like Ammonium and NO2 -, giving as effect the contamination of aquifer and of the atmosphere. By means of several experiments, it was possible to determine that great part of the contamination of the environment, caused by the inorganic fertilizers and the damages that it causes on the alive beings can decrease with the use of the microbial biofertilizantes with the help of stubs of Azospirillum spp. The County Bolívar is the main producer of soft corn and being the (N) the main obstacle for a good development of the cultivation, the Program of Corn of the (INIAP), with the State University of Bolívar, they have carried out a process of oriented investigation to validate the effect of three stubs of Azospirillum spp, (stubs Bolívar, stubs Chimborazo, stubs Tungurahua) and three dose of Nitrogen in the cultivation of corn variety INIAP-111l. A design of complete blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 4 x 3, for that which thought about the following objectives: i) To Validate the answer of the three stubs of Azospirillum spp, for the production of soft corn. ii) To Evaluate the answer of the three doses of N on the different components of the yield of corn INIAP 111; iii) to Carry out a budget economic analysis partially and marginal rate of return, to determine the best treatment and to transfer the technology to the farmers. A significant effect of the stubs gathered in the counties of Chimborazo, Bolívar and Tungurahua existed; being the most efficient in this investigation the Stump Chimborazo with 5.335 Kg\ha of soft corn. For the N, a lineal answer was presented, that is to say to bigger dose of N, but yield of corn. Additionally, a dependence of factors was determined among the stubs of Azospirillum spp, and the N, bony they were dependent factors. However for the area agroecológica of the Laguacoto, the best application as for net profit is the treatment: T8: C4N2 (stubs Chimborazo+ 60 Kg\ha of N). Finally this study allowed reducing the use of (N) synthetic at 60 KgN\Ha of the highest dose, what contributes to the reduction of the contamination of the environment with a production in ecological process of the dry corn, contributing to the alimentary securityItem Caracterización morfo accesiones de fréjol - agronómica voluble (Phaseolus de vulgaris L) ocho ,con investigación participativa en Laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Trujillo Alarcón, Edison Patricio; Monar, CarlosThe bean cultivation is considered as a commodity and strategic for the rural development of the countries, occupying the second place at world level, for its content of proteins and hydrates of carbon, it also contributes to the nitrogen fixation biological to the soil. This research was carried out in the parish of Veintimilla of the Canton Guaranda to an altitude of 2622 mls, in soil franc and 696.31 mm of precipitation during the whole cycle of the cultivation. Eight treatments of bean were evaluated in alone crop. The seed planting was 12/19/2011, in a system of reduced farm, in rotation after corn. A design of complete blocks was used at random. They were carried out variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and lineal regression and evaluations participatives in formation of pods and in poscosecha. The most outstanding results were for tender it was selected to the line T1; good load of pods, (big, healthy, thick and color of spotted red grain), it is tolerant to deceases. For dry grain the biggest acceptability was for the lines T6: I – 426 Canary for its yellow color of the grain, its good price in the national market, tolerant to deceases foliares; T8 for their brilliant red color, I seed thick, it forms round and of good acceptability in the market. Finally this investigation it allowed to select lines of bean superior to the control local bean Canary that is late, very aggressive for associate with corn and susceptible to the yustItem Evaluación de la calidad de plantas de yagual (Polylepis incana) mediante la propagación asexual con dos enraizadores químicos y tres tipos de sustratos en la Moya, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Meléndez González, Jairo Rafael; Naranjo Alarcón, Iván Alexander; Fierro, SoniaThe Polylepis has about 20 species of shrubs and trees of small and medium size, restricted to the high Andes. In the province of Bolivar there are about 5 species of Polylepis, occupying an area of approximately 42 hectares. Asexual reproduction is of great importance in native species, since this time nursery seedling production is decreased and this method also allows us to preserve intact genetic characteristics of their parents and adaptation to the environment. Among the serious problems facing forests of this genus. The objectives in this research were: to compare the efficiency of each of the chemicals enraizadores in the vegetative propagation of the species Polylepis. Set the substrate to provide the highest quality plant Polylepis. Assessing the quality of plants in each of the treatments. Perform economic analysis benefit cost ratio (B / C) the best treatment. This research was conducted in the village of Moya, Guaranda Canton province Bolivar, a design randomized complete block design was used, the main results: There was a highly significant effect of the substrates on the survival rate at 120 days; being the best alternative A1: Arena 25% + 25% + Earth Smoke 50% for asexual reproduction of Polylepis. The hormone with the highest percentage of plant survival at 120 days was 51.2% Raizplant well be that a main effect of 9.9% compared to the hormone Rootmost was obtained. The asexual propagation system more efficient Polylepis reflected in the higher percentage of survival was the cuttings (C2) with a 52.9%, which represented an increase in survival of 13.4% compared to the system of cuttings. In the interaction of factors AxB, the highest percentage of plant survival was evaluated in the T6: A2B1C2 (Arena 30% + 30% + Smoke Earth in 40% + Raizplant Stakes) and T2: A1B1C2 (25% + smoke Arena 25 % + 50% + Raizplant Earth in stakes) with 65.1%. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a greater percentage of plant survival at 120 days were: percentage of surviving, plant height at 120 days; bud length at 60 and 120 days, number, length and width of leaves at 60 and 120 days; volume and root length. Economically treatment with the highest net benefit was the T6 and T2 with $. $ 1.09; a relation benefit cost $ $ 1.05 and a value of RI / C at $ 0.05 USD; ie the nursery for every dollar spent earn $ $ 0.05 cents.Item Evaluación agronómica y productiva de siete híbridos de coliflor (Brassica Oleracea) en la comunidad Quivillungo, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Avilés Pachala, Mirian Leonor; Fierro, SoniaThe investigation realized in the place Veintimilla,, Canton Guaranda, county of Bolivar located to latitude S, 010 36 '52 " Longitude W, 780 59' 54" to 2622 m in the period between January and April of the 2014. The objectives about in the present investigation were the following: To evaluate agronomic and productive seven hybrid of cauliflower. Select the best hybrid cauliflower for this zone agro- ecological. Make an economic analysis. B / C. Was a design of complete blocks completely at random (DBCA) with 7 treatments and three repetitions and realized variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%,correlation was performed to compare the means of the treatments, correlation analysis and simple regression, does economic analysis benefit/cost (B / C).The variables in study were: percentage of prendimient of plants, seedlings, plant height to the 45 days and harvest, number of leaves for plant, days the formation of the corymbs, incidence of plagues and diseases, length of the leaves to the 45 days and harvest, leaf width to the 45 days and harvest, days to the harvest, weight of corymbs for plot. The independent variables that contributed to increase the weight of curds were: Number of leaves for plant at 45 days and harvest, leaves width at 45 days and harvest, plant height and height corymbs harvest. Finally, this study allowed to validate the different hybrids in this place with the purpose of transfer and compare the results that they registered in this investigation how new cultivation alternativeItem Evaluación agronómica de plántulas de yagual (Polylepis Incana) propagadas por estacas, utilizando tres tipos de sustratos y dos tipos de enraizadores en Laguacoto I, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Chimborazo Gómez, Mercy Alexandra; Fierro, SoniaThis test of yagual asexual stake Propagation (Polylepis incana) using three types of substrate and two types of hormones it was made in the province Bolivar, Veintimilla parish, sector Laguacoto I of the State University of Bolivar” was made it being based on the method of the observation, allowing to have one greater vision of the handling and production of the stakes of yagual, being able to obtain results real. In last times deforestation has be one of the factors main it stops that forests natural be disappearing quickly, mainly the native species like the yagual; for that reason one looks for to find the form simplest of reproduction by means of use of substrates and hormones. The present investigation it is justified because when evaluating the process of yagual asexual stake multiplication , using substrates and hormones. The objectives raised in this investigation were: To determine the morphologic characteristics that they present/display plántulas of yagual in each one of the treatments. To establish the type of substrate and the hormone more adapted for the propagation of this plant. To make an economic analysis Relation Benefit Cost B/C. A design was used Design of Complete Blocks at random (DBCA) in factorial adjustment 3 x2 + 1 with 3 Repetitions. The factor To corresponded to three types of substrates: A1: Black earth 75% + Sand 25%; A2: Black earth 75% + Humus 25%; A3: Black earth 50% + Humus 25% + Sand 25%. Factor B was two types of hormones: B1: Rootmost; B2: raizal 400. Seven treatments were had. They were made Test of Tukey to 5% to compare averages of treatments and factor To, Analysis of main effect stops factor B, Analysis of correlation and simple regression, Analysis of the relation benefit/ cost (B/C). The variables in study were: days to the brotación of the stake, percentage of prendimiento to the 90 days, I number of buds by stake to the 90 days, height of the bud, diameter of the bud of the stem, length of pecíolo of the leaf, number of leaves, length of the leaves, wide of the 150 leaf to 90 and and volume by root to the 150 days. The main results were: The substrate with the greater percentage of prendimiento of plántulas of yagual to the 90 days went A1: A1: Black earth 75%+ Sand 25% con 99.17%. The hormone with the greater percentage of prendimiento of stakes of yagual to the 90 days was Rootmost with a 92.56%. The treatment (Types of substrates by types of hormones), with the percentage of prendimiento upper of stakes of yagual to the 90 days was: T1: A1B1 (Earth negra75% + sand 25% + Rootmost) with 99.25%. The independent variables that contributed to a greater percentage of prendimiento of plántulas of yagual to the 90 days were: Height of the bud; Diameter of the bud of the stem; Number of leaves a; Length of the leaf; Wide of the leaf to the 90 and 150 days and volume by root to the 150 days. Economically the treatment with the net benefit upper was the T1: A1B1 (Black Earth (75%) + Sand (25%) + Rootmost (20cc/l of water), with $ 2, 14 of RB/C and a value of RI/C of $. 1,13. Finally this study contributed to determine that the asexual propagation of the yagual by means of stakes, is more efficient in time, with 90 days less in relation to the a sexual propagation, which makes the activity more competitive of the nurserymanItem EL rol de la mujer en la producción de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus) en el sector Guantug Cruz, parroquia Guanujo, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Villacís Rojas, Carmen Elena; Yánez, RodrigoThe role of women in the production of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) in the sector Guantug Cruz, Parish Guanujo, Canton Guaranda, Bolivar Province." In the present research the following objectives: Identify the activities women in production of default. Get a base on the role played by women in the production line of default. This research was conducted in the field of Guantug Cruz, parish Guanujo, Canton Guaranda, Bolivar province; whose geographical coordinates are: 01 ° 32' south latitude and 78o 59 'West longitude, at an altitude of 2100 m to 2640 m; This study was conducted by collecting specific and relevant information on the components: social, cultural, technical production, the role of women, through interviews and discussions with women in the community, using the Excel statistical program, Descriptive statistics were used to calculate: the average, maximum, minimum, frequency, variance, coefficient of variation and graphs with their respectiveItem Caracterización morfoagronómica de 14 accesiones de trigo duro (Triticum turgidum L. (thell) durum) en la localidad de Laguacoto III, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Flores Tacle, Juan José; Monar, CarlosThe hard pea under the different consumption forms is one of the most important cereals in the feeding human, this consumption it has been increased notably due to the population’s quick growth, excellent for its high content of protein and carbohydrates, used in industries. In the Ecuador, they don’t have varieties of hard wheat; the program of investigation and Production of Seeds come carrying out an investigation process with germplasm of hard pea coming from INIAP. The objectives outlined in this investigation were: i) To evaluate the main characteristic morphological and agronomic of 10 accessions of hard pea and a control (Arveja Rosada Chillanes). ii) To select the best accessions of hard pea for the area agroecological in study. iii) To generate a database of characterization and evaluation of 11 promissory lines of hard wheat that serve as base for future commercial varieties of hard pea. The present investigation was carried out in the town of the Laguacoto II canton Guaranda, Province Bolívar; a design of complete blocks was used at random with 11 treatments and three repetitions. They were carried out variance analysis, correlation, lineal regression and test of Tukey to 5% to compare the averages of accessions. The main results obtained in this investigation were: the yield higher average, registered in the accession T8: INIAP-435 Blanquita with 4.778 Kg/ha and dry T11: Arveja Rosada Chillanes with 2.431 Kg/ha. Variables that decreased wheat yield were more delayed and higher incidence of Virus (BYDV) accessions. There was positive correlation between grains / spike, grain weight and quality versus yield. Of the analysis nutritional proximal, the indicators of protein, they are appropriate for the industry of pastas, noodles, semolina and cookies with 12,91% protein and 17,6% of humid gluten. Finally this study allowed to select eight accessions of hard wheat (Annexed No 9) with good characteristic morphological, agronomic and nutritional to continue with the process of investigation participative and to liberate to medium term commercial varieties of hard wheat with a high yield potential and industrial quality, to mitigate climate change and contribute to food securityItem Caracterización morfo – agronómica de 15 cultivares de fréjol arbustivo (phaseolus vulgaris L.) en la granja laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Chicaiza Guachamboza, Luis Klever; Monar, CarlosThe cultivation of beans around the world is of great importance for its contribution to food security and high content of protein, minerals, ether extract, fiber, carbohydrates and the biological fixation of nitrogen. In the Ecuador and particularly in the Bolivar province the bean is part of production systems because of its relevance in the natural, social and economic capitals. This research was conducted in farm Laguacoto II at an altitude of 2642 m, in clay loam soil and the seed planting of March 15. The objectives were: I) To make the characterization agronomic morph of 15 accessions of bush beans. II)To evaluate the main components of the performance and III) To select the best accessions to the agro- ecological zone. Treatments were 15 accessions of bush beans from INIAP Santa Catalina and the program of research and production of seeds of the UEB. Applied a design of Blocks Complete Random with 4 replications. Analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% were carried out. The response of the germplasm in relation to morphological and agronomic characteristics was different, mainly in terms of the cycle of crop, vegetative adaptation, and load, tolerance to foliar diseases, color, shape and size of the grain. For performance on dry and tender the best accession was the T7 (INIAP 427 Liberator Rojo Moteado) with 7.397 kg/ha and 1764 kg/ha at 14% of humidity respectively. For the tender grain the best accessions selected for this agro-ecological zone were: INIAP 430, INIAP 484, INIAP 481 and INIAP 483, to dry the INIAP 480 Canario variety for the best price on the market. Finally this study allowed characterizing and selecting accessions with morphological, nutritional, and agronomic characteristics of quality to improve the value of the bean chain, mitigating climate change to contribute to the safety and food sovereigntyItem Evaluación nitrógeno del efecto del complementario fraccionamiento en el del rendimiento y contenido de proteína del grano y validación de fungicidas y épocas de aplicación para el control de enfermedades en cebada cervecera (Hordeum vulgare L) en el Laguacoto III, cantón Guaranda(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Chicaiza Chicaiza, Kleber Fabián; Monar, CarlosThe barley crop is the fourth most cultivated cereal in the world. The average yield in Ecuador is just 0.6 MT / ha, being the lowest figure at South America. Currently about 25,000 MT annually imported for industrial processing. This trial was conducted in the UEB Laguacoto III at an altitude of 2640 m with a rainfall during the growing cycle of 451.51 mm. Design of randomized complete blocks with three replications. In the essay I Nitrogen four doses of N were evaluated, 0 kg N / ha; 75 kg N / ha; 100 kg N / ha and 125 kg N / ha applied at tillering (Z22); and the appearance of the nodes on the main stem (Z30). Three types of fungicides and two varieties of barley are also evaluated. Analysis of variance, correlation, linear regression and Tukey test at 5% were performed to compare the means of the main factors and their interaction. This research summarizes the increased productivity of the crop of malting barley for the agro-ecological zone is the Scarlet Laguacoto variety with a dose of 125 kg / ha of N applied at two stages (tillering and stem elongation). Economically fungicide use is recommended because of the low incidence and severity of rust in this agro-ecological zone. Finally this study improved the productivity of barley with potential returns on 3 MT / ha