Caracterización morfo – agronómica de 15 cultivares de fréjol arbustivo (phaseolus vulgaris L.) en la granja laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar

Abstract

The cultivation of beans around the world is of great importance for its contribution to food security and high content of protein, minerals, ether extract, fiber, carbohydrates and the biological fixation of nitrogen. In the Ecuador and particularly in the Bolivar province the bean is part of production systems because of its relevance in the natural, social and economic capitals. This research was conducted in farm Laguacoto II at an altitude of 2642 m, in clay loam soil and the seed planting of March 15. The objectives were: I) To make the characterization agronomic morph of 15 accessions of bush beans. II)To evaluate the main components of the performance and III) To select the best accessions to the agro- ecological zone. Treatments were 15 accessions of bush beans from INIAP Santa Catalina and the program of research and production of seeds of the UEB. Applied a design of Blocks Complete Random with 4 replications. Analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% were carried out. The response of the germplasm in relation to morphological and agronomic characteristics was different, mainly in terms of the cycle of crop, vegetative adaptation, and load, tolerance to foliar diseases, color, shape and size of the grain. For performance on dry and tender the best accession was the T7 (INIAP 427 Liberator Rojo Moteado) with 7.397 kg/ha and 1764 kg/ha at 14% of humidity respectively. For the tender grain the best accessions selected for this agro-ecological zone were: INIAP 430, INIAP 484, INIAP 481 and INIAP 483, to dry the INIAP 480 Canario variety for the best price on the market. Finally this study allowed characterizing and selecting accessions with morphological, nutritional, and agronomic characteristics of quality to improve the value of the bean chain, mitigating climate change to contribute to the safety and food sovereignty