Agronomía

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Ingeniería Agronómica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.PROVINCIA BOLÍVAR

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    Evaluación agronómica de adaptabilidad y rendimiento de 15 cultivares de ajonjolí (Sesamun Índicum L.) en la zona agroecológica de Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Recalde Véloz, Roger Robinson; Espinoza, Kleber
    El ajonjolí o sésamo es la planta herbácea con mayor contenido de aceites en la semilla, puede variar de 41 a 63% del peso total de las mismas, dependiendo de la variedad y de las condiciones de cultivo. Asimismo, puede contener entre 17 a 32% de proteínas; 18 a 20% de carbohidratos principalmente fibras; aminoácidos esenciales entre las que se destacan la metionina. La producción mundial en el año 2004 fue de 3092 millones de toneladas, la cual mostró un crecimiento de 9.5% con relación al año 2000. En América los mayores productores son Paraguay, Guatemala, México y Venezuela. En Ecuador se cultiva en las provincias de Manabí: Portoviejo; Guayas: Milagro y Pedro Carbo. La presente investigación se realizó en la granja El Triunfo de la UEB A 350 msnm. Los objetivos planteados en esta investigación fueron: i.- Evaluar las principales características agronómicas de los 15 cultivares de ajonjolí. ii.- Seleccionar los mejores cultivares de ajonjolí para la zona agroecológica en estudio. iii.- Generar una base de datos de la caracterización agronómica de 15 cultivares de ajonjolí, para la zona agroecológica de Caluma. En esta investigación se evaluaron 15 cultivares de ajonjolí se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) con 3 repeticiones se realizó el análisis de varianza, prueba de tukey, correlaciones y regresiones. El tratamiento con una altura de carga más alta fue el T13 con 65.07 cm y el que presentó el mayor rendimiento fue el T14 con 2396.29 kg/ha al14% de humedad. Finalmente este estudio permitió seleccionar germoplasma de ajonjolí promisorio para esta zona agroecológica para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción locales.
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    Caracterización morfológica y agronómica de germoplasma de fréjol voluble (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) con investigación participativa en Cruz de Perezán, cantón Chillanes, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Castillo López, Edgar Javier; Monar, Carlos
    The bean of crop at world level is a strategic activity for its contribution to the human feeding with proteins, hydrates of carbon and minerals, to the health and a key component in the production systems for the biological fixation of the nitrogen (FBN). This research was carried out in the community of Cruz of Perezán of the canton Chillanes to an altitude of 2400 m., and soil frank floor and 660 mm of precipitation during the cultivation cycle. Nine treatments of bean were evaluated in unicultivo (trellis). The seed planting was 03/17/10. The seed planting was carried in land conservation in rotation after tree tomato. A design of complete blocks was used at random. They were carried out variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and lineal regression and evaluations participatives in formation of sheaths and in poscosecha. The most outstanding results were for tender it was selected to the line T1; for the longitude of sheaths, grain of size big, tolerant diseases. For dry the biggest acceptability was for the line T4 for the big size of the grain color red radical, intermediate cycle and cultivare I-426 Canary for the precocity, yellow color of the grain, tolerant to deceases and good price in the market. Finally this study allowed selecting germoplasma of bean inconstant superior to the control local bean Canary that is late and very aggressive with associate with the corn
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    Respuesta del maíz (Zea mayz L.) iniap 111 al biofertilizante y fertilización nitrogenada, en la granja Laguacoto III, canton Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Changoluisa Gavi, Galo Fernando; Monar, Carlos
    At national level the cultivation of corn is a working source for thousands of Ecuadorian. The production of corn is carried out mainly in lands of irregular topography, where the small property prevails and in 86% the production system is the corn associated with bean of type Mixturiado, particularly in the Bolívar State. By means of studies carried out by the Department of Handling of soils and Waters (DMSA), of the INIAP Santa Catalina has been demonstrated that the nitrogen (N) you/he/she is the main restrictive element of the production and due to a low efficiency of the same one, which is leached as Nitrates, you volatiliza like Ammonium and NO2 -, giving as effect the contamination of aquifer and of the atmosphere. By means of several experiments, it was possible to determine that great part of the contamination of the environment, caused by the inorganic fertilizers and the damages that it causes on the alive beings can decrease with the use of the microbial biofertilizantes with the help of stubs of Azospirillum spp. The County Bolívar is the main producer of soft corn and being the (N) the main obstacle for a good development of the cultivation, the Program of Corn of the (INIAP), with the State University of Bolívar, they have carried out a process of oriented investigation to validate the effect of three stubs of Azospirillum spp, (stubs Bolívar, stubs Chimborazo, stubs Tungurahua) and three dose of Nitrogen in the cultivation of corn variety INIAP-111l. A design of complete blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 4 x 3, for that which thought about the following objectives: i) To Validate the answer of the three stubs of Azospirillum spp, for the production of soft corn. ii) To Evaluate the answer of the three doses of N on the different components of the yield of corn INIAP 111; iii) to Carry out a budget economic analysis partially and marginal rate of return, to determine the best treatment and to transfer the technology to the farmers. A significant effect of the stubs gathered in the counties of Chimborazo, Bolívar and Tungurahua existed; being the most efficient in this investigation the Stump Chimborazo with 5.335 Kg\ha of soft corn. For the N, a lineal answer was presented, that is to say to bigger dose of N, but yield of corn. Additionally, a dependence of factors was determined among the stubs of Azospirillum spp, and the N, bony they were dependent factors. However for the area agroecológica of the Laguacoto, the best application as for net profit is the treatment: T8: C4N2 (stubs Chimborazo+ 60 Kg\ha of N). Finally this study allowed reducing the use of (N) synthetic at 60 KgN\Ha of the highest dose, what contributes to the reduction of the contamination of the environment with a production in ecological process of the dry corn, contributing to the alimentary security
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    Inventario de especies arbóreas del bosque nativo San José de las Palmas, parroquia San Pablo, cantón San Miguel, provincia de Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Castillo Guizado, Orlando Javier; Monar, Nelson
    6.2. Summary A botanic study was carried out in the San José de las Palmas humid montane Andean forest (San Pablo sector, San Miguel parish, Guaranda canton, Bolivar province, Ecuador). This particular forest is spread over 34 Ha and is being highly and quickly deforested. It can be considered a good representative of all native Andean forests in Ecuador and gathers an incredible biodiversity. Consequently, we believe increasing the scientific knowledge about this habitat constitutes an essential step towards a better recognition and forest preservation. The main goals established for this study are: inventorying the tree species, characterizing and estimating the tree diversity as well as making a floristic comparison with a similar forest. Three parallel transects of 100 x 4 m and separated by 200 m in altitude were set in the forest. All trees with a DBH > 2 cm were taken into account and sampled. The taxonomic determination process took place at the ESPOCH Herbarium and the results were tabulated and analyzed using Excel. A total of 108 individuals, corresponding to 42 species and 24 angiosperm families were inventoried. Within the overall diversity we obtained a mean tree specimen with the following characteristics: a 20.73 ± 14 cm DBH, a 0.049 ± 0.08 m2 basal area, a 12.1 ± 4.75 m height, a 0.76 ± 1.52 m 3 volume and a 0.83 ± 0.44 cm bark thickness. Categorization of the trees can be summed up as 28% of dominant species (> 16 m), 26% of codominant (11-15 m), 35% of intermediates (6-10 m) and 11% of repressed species (1-5 m). Each determined species was precisely described and characterized. Of all species, 8 were highlighted as endangered according to the UICN Red List for Endangered Species. The Simpson Diversity Index was used in order to estimate the tree diversity. We obtained the very high value of 0.95 for the index, which indicates that the San José de Las Palmas forest is highly diverse. A floristic comparison was conducted between the San José de las Palmas forest and the Porvenir forest (TESIS, Melendez, V. 2010) using the Sorensen Similarity Index. A high similarity value was expected as both forests are ecologically and geographically close. Nonetheless, the SSI value obtained reached only 23%, which we assume is due to a significant difference in some environmental factors not taken into account in the study. The results obtained confirm the San José de las Palmas forest presents an outstanding phytodiversity and a high ecological value. Therefore, raising awareness among the community regarding the importance of these resources as well as taking imminent joint actions with governmental institutions are crucial so to assure the conservation of Andean montane forests
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    Evaluación morfológica de las plántulas de cinco especies forestales mediante la aplicación de tres tratamientos pregerminativos en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Escobar, Darwin Adolfo; Suárez Morales, Kerlin Lenin; Fierro, Sonia
    The establishment of forest plantations is a very common practice that offers benefits like to protect and to restore the fertility of the floor; it improves the climate, the cultivations, and the fauna. Independent of the origin of the plant, be to for seed or fabrics, the first days of life are critical for their survival, being necessary to use vegetable hormones that stimulate the growth and development of the organs of the plants, assuring a bigger percentage of survival and the new plants continue this way their development and acquire the strength to the being to transplant them to the definitive place. This investigation was carried out in the farm of the UEB, canton Echeandía to an altitude of 600 msnm with a half temperature of 25 oC, an annual precipitation of 2300 mm. The outlined objectives were: i) Evaluate the quality of Plantae of five forest species by means of the application of three treatments pregerminativos. ii) Determine the germination percentage in each one of the treatments pregerminativos. iii) Evaluate the morphological characteristics that it presents the forest species in each one of the treatments. A Design of Complete Blocks was used at random in factorial arrangement 5x3 with four repetitions. The Factor A it corresponded to five forest species: A1= Saman; A2= Mahogany; A3= Pechiche; A4= Guaiac and A5= Fernán Sánchez. The Factor B was three methods pregerminativos: B1= Gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours; B2= Gibberellic acid soaking 8 hours and B3= Gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours. Fifteen treatments were had. Variance analysis was made, test of Tukey to 5% to compare averages of main factors and interaction and economic analysis. The most outstanding results obtained in this investigation were: The forest species Fernán Sánchez had 98,83% of survival. The methods pregerminativos B3= Gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours with 95,05% and in the B1= Gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours they reached 94,75% of survival. The most effective treatments were the T9: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours; T 3: Saman + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours and T7: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours where one had 100% of survival of plants to the 90 days. In function of the economic analysis the best net profit one had in the T9: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours and T3: Saman + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours with $. 14,60 with a RB/C 5,29 and a RI/C 4,29
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    Caracterización morfo accesiones de fréjol - agronómica voluble (Phaseolus de vulgaris L) ocho ,con investigación participativa en Laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Trujillo Alarcón, Edison Patricio; Monar, Carlos
    The bean cultivation is considered as a commodity and strategic for the rural development of the countries, occupying the second place at world level, for its content of proteins and hydrates of carbon, it also contributes to the nitrogen fixation biological to the soil. This research was carried out in the parish of Veintimilla of the Canton Guaranda to an altitude of 2622 mls, in soil franc and 696.31 mm of precipitation during the whole cycle of the cultivation. Eight treatments of bean were evaluated in alone crop. The seed planting was 12/19/2011, in a system of reduced farm, in rotation after corn. A design of complete blocks was used at random. They were carried out variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and lineal regression and evaluations participatives in formation of pods and in poscosecha. The most outstanding results were for tender it was selected to the line T1; good load of pods, (big, healthy, thick and color of spotted red grain), it is tolerant to deceases. For dry grain the biggest acceptability was for the lines T6: I – 426 Canary for its yellow color of the grain, its good price in the national market, tolerant to deceases foliares; T8 for their brilliant red color, I seed thick, it forms round and of good acceptability in the market. Finally this investigation it allowed to select lines of bean superior to the control local bean Canary that is late, very aggressive for associate with corn and susceptible to the yust
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    Evaluación agronómica de 12 cultivares de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) de ciclo temprano, en el cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Miranda Troya, Carlos Eduardo; Rojas, Marcelo
    The peanut is an oilseed short cycle can be planted three times a year, is grown in tropical and subtropical climates, global production of peanuts is about a total of 29 million metric tons annually. In Ecuador, according to reports of the Third Agricultural Census 2001, about 10487 acres of peanuts were planted, with an output of 21032.66 tons, of which about 5750 hectares belong to the province of Manabi with an output of 11472 tonnes . The objectives of this research were: i. To study the main morpho-agronomic 12 peanut cultivars early cycle characteristics. ii. Select the best early peanut cultivars cycle for the agro- ecological zone under study. iii. Build a database of morpho-agronomic characterization 12 peanut cultivars early cycle for Caluma agro-ecological zone. 12 peanut cultivars, early cycle from the National Oilseed Program of the South Coast Experimental Station INIAP were used. Applied design: randomized complete block (RCBD) with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. Agronomic performance components that increased were: pods per plant (VP) with 39 %, 100 seed weight (PS) with 39 % and yield per plot (R-kg/p) with 66 %. Treatment T8: Pepón Loja reached the highest performance 1761.51 kg/ha since the use of this variety for the agro-ecological zone Caluma recommended
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    Evaluación de la calidad de plantas de yagual (Polylepis incana) mediante la propagación asexual con dos enraizadores químicos y tres tipos de sustratos en la Moya, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Meléndez González, Jairo Rafael; Naranjo Alarcón, Iván Alexander; Fierro, Sonia
    The Polylepis has about 20 species of shrubs and trees of small and medium size, restricted to the high Andes. In the province of Bolivar there are about 5 species of Polylepis, occupying an area of approximately 42 hectares. Asexual reproduction is of great importance in native species, since this time nursery seedling production is decreased and this method also allows us to preserve intact genetic characteristics of their parents and adaptation to the environment. Among the serious problems facing forests of this genus. The objectives in this research were: to compare the efficiency of each of the chemicals enraizadores in the vegetative propagation of the species Polylepis. Set the substrate to provide the highest quality plant Polylepis. Assessing the quality of plants in each of the treatments. Perform economic analysis benefit cost ratio (B / C) the best treatment. This research was conducted in the village of Moya, Guaranda Canton province Bolivar, a design randomized complete block design was used, the main results: There was a highly significant effect of the substrates on the survival rate at 120 days; being the best alternative A1: Arena 25% + 25% + Earth Smoke 50% for asexual reproduction of Polylepis. The hormone with the highest percentage of plant survival at 120 days was 51.2% Raizplant well be that a main effect of 9.9% compared to the hormone Rootmost was obtained. The asexual propagation system more efficient Polylepis reflected in the higher percentage of survival was the cuttings (C2) with a 52.9%, which represented an increase in survival of 13.4% compared to the system of cuttings. In the interaction of factors AxB, the highest percentage of plant survival was evaluated in the T6: A2B1C2 (Arena 30% + 30% + Smoke Earth in 40% + Raizplant Stakes) and T2: A1B1C2 (25% + smoke Arena 25 % + 50% + Raizplant Earth in stakes) with 65.1%. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a greater percentage of plant survival at 120 days were: percentage of surviving, plant height at 120 days; bud length at 60 and 120 days, number, length and width of leaves at 60 and 120 days; volume and root length. Economically treatment with the highest net benefit was the T6 and T2 with $. $ 1.09; a relation benefit cost $ $ 1.05 and a value of RI / C at $ 0.05 USD; ie the nursery for every dollar spent earn $ $ 0.05 cents.
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    Evaluar la respuesta de 12 accesiones de soya (Glycine max.L.) a la roya asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) en la zona agroecológica del cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Quintana Estrella, Oswaldo Estuardo; Zapata, Olmedo
    Soy is an oil and its first use is the extraction of oil. It is a widespread crop worldwide since contituye an important source of protein for both human and animal feeding. Soy is attacked by an endless number of diseases; standing out among them the Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). In Ecuador was expanded in 2005 to threaten the crop. This fungus caused losses between 10 and 100%. Objectives were Assess the main agronomic and morphological characteristics 12 soybean accessions agroecological Caluma Canton area. Select soybean lines with improved agronomic characteristics and morfologicvas and nutritional quality for this agroecological zone. The treatments were 12 soybean lines from the INIAP. Design randomized complete block with 3 replications was used and performed, analysis of variance; Test Turquey 5% correlation and linear regression. The response of soybean lines in terms of the variable yield were different, registering the highest average TIO (ssk) with 17269kg. The most important performance components that increase performance contrubuyen soybean were: Plant height and branches of a plant and branches
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    Evaluación agronómica y productiva de siete híbridos de coliflor (Brassica Oleracea) en la comunidad Quivillungo, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Avilés Pachala, Mirian Leonor; Fierro, Sonia
    The investigation realized in the place Veintimilla,, Canton Guaranda, county of Bolivar located to latitude S, 010 36 '52 " Longitude W, 780 59' 54" to 2622 m in the period between January and April of the 2014. The objectives about in the present investigation were the following: To evaluate agronomic and productive seven hybrid of cauliflower. Select the best hybrid cauliflower for this zone agro- ecological. Make an economic analysis. B / C. Was a design of complete blocks completely at random (DBCA) with 7 treatments and three repetitions and realized variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%,correlation was performed to compare the means of the treatments, correlation analysis and simple regression, does economic analysis benefit/cost (B / C).The variables in study were: percentage of prendimient of plants, seedlings, plant height to the 45 days and harvest, number of leaves for plant, days the formation of the corymbs, incidence of plagues and diseases, length of the leaves to the 45 days and harvest, leaf width to the 45 days and harvest, days to the harvest, weight of corymbs for plot. The independent variables that contributed to increase the weight of curds were: Number of leaves for plant at 45 days and harvest, leaves width at 45 days and harvest, plant height and height corymbs harvest. Finally, this study allowed to validate the different hybrids in this place with the purpose of transfer and compare the results that they registered in this investigation how new cultivation alternative