Agronomía

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End date: 2019Subject: search.filters.subject.CANTÓN CALUMA

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    Evaluación del comportamiento Agro Morfológico de dos variedades de café arábiga (Coffea arábiga) mediante tres densidades poblacionales, tres fertilizaciones básicas, tres asociaciones de cultivos y tres controles de malezas en tres localidades del cantón Caluma
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) García Güillín, Darnely Verónica; Jiménez Becerra, Juan Elias; Zapata, Olmedo
    La producción de café tiene gran importancia económica y social en el Ecuador. Sin embargo la tecnología de producción y beneficio son muy precarias, por lo que la productividad y la calidad son deficientes. De acuerdo a un estudio realizado por el Consejo Cafetalero Nacional (2014), describe que la superficie total de café en el país es de 199,215 hectáreas; donde 136,385 hectáreas son de café arábiga y el resto de café robusta. La finalidad de esta investigación fue de: Implementar parcelas de validación de dos variedades de café arábigo, con tres densidades poblacionales, tres fertilizaciones básicas, tres asociaciones de cultivos y tres controles de malezas; evaluar la primera etapa del comportamiento agronómico y morfológico en cada una de las localidades y transferir los resultados preliminares alcanzados en el primer año de investigación. La presente investigación se realizó entre julio/2014 a julio/2015; el ensayo estuvo ubicado en la provincia de Bolívar, en el Cantón Caluma; en las localidades de El Triunfo (350 msnm), Pita (237 msnm) y Estero Pescado (407 msnm).; temperatura promedio anual de 22oC; precipitación promedio anual de 2945 mm y una humedad relativa del 80%; siendo su clasificación ecológica como Bosque Húmedo Montano bajo. El experimento se condujo bajo un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar y se usó el diseño ortogonal L9 (3)4 que corresponde a un experimento de 4 factores (densidad poblacional, fertilización básica, asociación de cultivos y manejo malezas) en 3 niveles cada uno, según el Método Taguchi. El análisis de varianza, para las variables de estudio, se realizó mediante la prueba de Fisher (técnica paramétrica) y se complementó el análisis con la separación de medias mediante la prueba de Tuckey, para cada uno de los factores en estudio. Se registraron las siguientes variables: altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, largo de hoja, ancho de hoja, área foliar, numero de nudos, largo de rama intermedia, diámetro de copa y vigor de plántula. Se determinó que hay 90 diferencias significativas entre localidades y variedades de café arábigo; además que las densidades poblacionales influyen en las variedades agro morfológicas y que la mejor combinación para Sarchimor fue de, 6000 plantas por hectárea; 100 gramos de fertilizante DAP a la siembra; uso de maní como cultivo asociado en el primer año y con un manejo manual de malezas. Para Catucaí, 4000 plantas por hectárea, un kilo de ecoabonaza a la siembra, uso de frejol como cultivo asociado y un control químico de malezas con Oxifluorfen (Goal) + Glifosato.
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    Respuesta agronómica del cultivo de chia (Salvia hispanica l.) a diferentes densidades poblacionales y fertilización en la granja el triunfo cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Sánchez Carrera, Franklin Xavier; Vega Llanos, Alba Yolanda; Monar, Carlos
    En la actualidad, la Chía sigue siendo un elemento esencial en la dieta diaria de los habitantes de México y varios países de América Central, convirtiéndose en un alimento cada vez más popular y habitual en supermercados y en herboristerías del resto del mundo. Estas semillas ofrecen ahora al mundo una nueva oportunidad para mejorar la nutrición humana, siendo una fuente natural de ácido graso omega-3, antioxidantes, proteínas, vitaminas, minerales y fibra dietética. Esta investigación se realizó en la granja el Triunfo a 350 msnm en rotación después del maíz. Los objetivos fueron: i) Estudiar el efecto de dos densidades de siembra. ii) medir la respuesta del abono orgánico y químico y testigo. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) en arreglo factorial 2x4 con 3 repeticiones. Se realizaron análisis químico de suelo y abonos orgánicos, de varianza, efecto principal y prueba de tukey. El factor A fueron dos densidades de siembra y el factor B dos tipos de abonos orgánico: humus de lombriz y eco abonaza un óptimo químico y testigo. Los diferentes componentes del rendimiento, no fueron afectados en forma significativa por los factores en estudio e interacciones, quizá debido al período de sequía en la etapa reproductiva. Sin embargo este estudio permitió validar el potencial del cultivo de Chía en la zona agroecológica de Caluma con un rendimiento promedio de 1008 kg/ha al 13% de humedad, en rotación después del maíz con humedad residual lo que se constituye en una alternativa tecnológica válida para mejorar la productividad de los sistemas de producción locales e ingresos económicos por el precio competitivo de la Chía en el mercado nacional e internacional.
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    Evaluación agronómica de 12 cultivares de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) de ciclo temprano, en el cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Miranda Troya, Carlos Eduardo; Rojas, Marcelo
    The peanut is an oilseed short cycle can be planted three times a year, is grown in tropical and subtropical climates, global production of peanuts is about a total of 29 million metric tons annually. In Ecuador, according to reports of the Third Agricultural Census 2001, about 10487 acres of peanuts were planted, with an output of 21032.66 tons, of which about 5750 hectares belong to the province of Manabi with an output of 11472 tonnes . The objectives of this research were: i. To study the main morpho-agronomic 12 peanut cultivars early cycle characteristics. ii. Select the best early peanut cultivars cycle for the agro- ecological zone under study. iii. Build a database of morpho-agronomic characterization 12 peanut cultivars early cycle for Caluma agro-ecological zone. 12 peanut cultivars, early cycle from the National Oilseed Program of the South Coast Experimental Station INIAP were used. Applied design: randomized complete block (RCBD) with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. Agronomic performance components that increased were: pods per plant (VP) with 39 %, 100 seed weight (PS) with 39 % and yield per plot (R-kg/p) with 66 %. Treatment T8: Pepón Loja reached the highest performance 1761.51 kg/ha since the use of this variety for the agro-ecological zone Caluma recommended
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    Evaluar la respuesta de 12 accesiones de soya (Glycine max.L.) a la roya asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) en la zona agroecológica del cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Quintana Estrella, Oswaldo Estuardo; Zapata, Olmedo
    Soy is an oil and its first use is the extraction of oil. It is a widespread crop worldwide since contituye an important source of protein for both human and animal feeding. Soy is attacked by an endless number of diseases; standing out among them the Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). In Ecuador was expanded in 2005 to threaten the crop. This fungus caused losses between 10 and 100%. Objectives were Assess the main agronomic and morphological characteristics 12 soybean accessions agroecological Caluma Canton area. Select soybean lines with improved agronomic characteristics and morfologicvas and nutritional quality for this agroecological zone. The treatments were 12 soybean lines from the INIAP. Design randomized complete block with 3 replications was used and performed, analysis of variance; Test Turquey 5% correlation and linear regression. The response of soybean lines in terms of the variable yield were different, registering the highest average TIO (ssk) with 17269kg. The most important performance components that increase performance contrubuyen soybean were: Plant height and branches of a plant and branches
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    Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de dos líneas promisorias de maní (Arachis Hypogaea L.) con diferentes densidades poblacionales de siembra, en la granja “El Triunfo” del cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Ribadeneira Hidalgo, Jorge Luis; Guerrero Ayala, José Luis; Espinoza, Kléber
    The peanut is an oil that contributes to agricultural and industrial progress of the countries where it is grown. In Ecuador, the average annual production is 13-20 quintals/ha, it is grown in: Manabí and Loja, El Oro and the lowest percentage in the province of Guayas. The objectives of this research were: i) to assess the main agronomic characteristics of two promising lines of peanut. ii) To study the response of four population densities peanut. iii) Build a database of agronomic characterization of two peanut lines for Caluma agroecological zone. The material used in this investigation were two lines of peanuts, from the Programa Nacional de Oleaginosas del Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP).One DBCA was applied with 8 treatments and 3 replications performing analysis of variance ANOVA. As to factor A line that had the greatest yield was Flor Runner with 2907 kg/ha. The best density 13 plantas/m2 with 2831 kg/ha. Finally, this study demonstrated and validated that peanuts are a valid option for this technology agroecological zone and thus improve diversification and sustainability of local production systems
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    Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 15 líneas de maní del grupo valencia (Arachis Hypogaea L.) en el cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Mackliff Moncayo, Johanna Janeth; Vega Salas, Rodolfo Miguel; Monar, Carlos
    The peanut, is another important source of vegetable oil in the tropics and subtropics. It is native to the tropical South América, probably in Brazil. Although some Asian countries, particularly China and India, producing about two-thirds of the world's crop, currently peanuts are a major source of cooking oil in the American tropics, ranking second on the palm of African oil. In our country, maniseras areas are located in the provinces of Manabí, Loja and El Oro, where are grown from 10,000 to 15,000 ha, with average yields of 800 kg ha -1 of shelled peanuts. This production compared with the genetic potential of improved varieties is low and is mainly due to the lack of improved varieties available, poor quality seeds, inadequate management of the crop, presence of insect pests and diseases. Due to high demand of peanut kernels, INIAP through Oilseed Program Short Cycle maintains a continuous process of research in peanut producing areas to generate new materials with higher yield potential, resistance or tolerance to insect pests, diseases and better grain quality for different market segments. In this research, the following objectives were i) To evaluate the agronomic and morphological characteristics of 15 cultivars Valencia Group peanuts on the farm agro-ecological zone in Caluma Triumph. ii) Select the lines with the best agronomic and morphological characteristics for this agroecological zone, and iii) Establish a database of type Valencia peanut germplasm to continue the research process. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block (BCA) with 15 treatments and 3 replications: We performed variance analysis, Tukey test at 5% for comparing averages of treatments and correction analysis and linear regression. Germplasm response regard peanut yield components evaluated in this zone agroecological were very different, with the exception of percentage Vaneamiento and seeds per pod. The highest average yields peanuts, were recorded in treatments T6: (Pedro Carbo) with 5,456 and T13: (RCM - 112) with 5,053 kg / ha at 14% moisture. The yield component contributing to increase peanut yield was the percentage of grain with 12%. The highest number of pods per plant was evaluated in the T8: (Perla de Saavedra) with 20 pods. The percentage of grain (PG) highest was recorded in T5: (Bowling), with 88.33% due to the sheath and grain quality. Selected lines to continue the research process in 45 this area in the agroecological zone Caluma are: T6: (Pedro Carbo), T13: (RCM - 112), T4: (PI- 26202301-5 D) and T12: (SPZ - 457). Finally this research helped generate valuable information and results to improve peanut production in agroecological zone Farm Triumph, Caluma
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    Rendimiento de veinte líneas promisorias de soya (Glycine Max. L.) en el cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Herrera Ramírez, Jorge Luis; Mina Nausin, Carlos Julio; Zapata, Olmedo
    The main producing countries of soybean in the world are: USA with 84 million tonnes; Brazil 64 million and Argentina 48 million tonnes. In Ecuador in 2007, 90.000 hectares were cultivated, with a total output of 140.000 tonnes. In the Bolívar Province and particularly in the city Caluma. Soy is grown untapped, so it is very important to improve the diversification and sustainability of local production systems. Gene banks from various latitudes are essential for the characterization and conservation of their genetic potential accessions by their genetic potential for geneticists that have serred to get soybean varieties with higher yield potential. Resistant to major pests and diseases, such as rust, purple blotch, speckled grain, to respond to the different segments of the soy production Chain. In this research had the following objectives: Study the adaptation of 20 soybean lines in the Caluma fields; assess the main components yield of soybean accession; select lines with improved agronomic characteristics, morphological and nutritional quality for this area. Establish a database characterization of 20 accessions of soybean in the study area to continue the research process. Treatments evaluated were 20 soybean promising lines from INIAP. EELS, through the oilseed researe program. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates, analysis of variance was performed, Tukey test at 5%, correlation analysis and simple linear regression of agronomic components versus soybean yields. The response of soybean germplasm in components of evaluated yield was different in this agricultural area. Soybean germplasm studied showed resistance to stem the fall, crack grain, rust, purple blotch, speckled grain. The highest average yield of soybeans, was recorded in treatments: T16: S-1036 with 4.542 Kg / ha, T1: IJ-112-64 with 4.271 Kg / ha, and T7: IJ-112-227 with 4.221 Kg / ha. Components that contributed to increase the yield of soybeans were plants; height loading height, branches per plant; pods per plant; pod length ; seeds per plant, higher mean values of these variables, the greater the yield of soybean. Soybean accessions evaluated according to their morphological, characteristics, agronomic, and genetic; constitute a promising 76 genetic base to continue the selection process and evaluation for purposes of freeing future soybean varieties for the area in the medium term and in thus help improve efficiency and diversification of local production systems
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    Caracterización morfológica y sensorial en dos épocas de cosecha de cacao elites tipo nacional (theobroma cacao) a nivel de fincas de productores en el Cantón Caluma.
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2009) Guamán Asis, Fernando Ufredo; Espinoza Mora, Kleber Estuardo
    The world cocoa production declined by 1.5% during the harvest of 2001/2002 to 2.777 tons, and is expected to recover to harvest 3,040 tons in 2002 / 03. The product offer is given by the following countries in thousands tonnes: Ivory Coast: from 1.185 to 1.240 -1.300; Ghana: 395-340 -450; Indonesia: 388-443 - 485, in 2000/01 -2001 / 02-2002 / 03, respectively (www.agrotropical.com 2006) Ecuador is known worldwide for the production of fine cocoa aroma, for the industrialization of the same obtaining chocolate and high quality oil, which by their organoleptic characteristics have been classified as a high quality cocoa, and there are currently approximately 370,000 ha. planted in 60,000 production units. For the period 1997 - 1998, it accounted for 4% of world production of which is estimated at approximately 100,000 MT / year (ICCO 1999). 75% of exportable production of fine Ecuadorian cocoa flavor is used for the production of high quality chocolates (www.Ecuador.fedexpor.com 2006) With the emergence of diseases such as witches' broom (pernicious Crinipellis) and Monilla (Moniliophthora roreri), about 1900, the cocoa producers replaced, the National cacao hybrid of Trinity origin with a high percentage of resistance to fungal diseases (Quiroz, 1997). In the country, despite the phytosanitary problems mentioned, the future of the crop provides flattering prospects for continued foreign industry requirements for this fruit (Vera, J. 1993). In Bolivar Province as in the country the planting and production of National Quality cocoa is minimal, by not having a gene bank to provide seed material product quality. In this situation, in the selection process Caluma elite National cacao trees on the farm producers began Canton; however this process has not been done with the selection indices required as pod index, seed index, resistance to pests and diseases, etc. thus trees identified not necessarily meet the agronomic and sanitary considered minimum requirements for mass multiplication let alone for commercial distribution. This research was to apply techniques to identify plants with fruits that have the best rates required as the organoleptic characteristics of almonds. The flavor determined by the taste and aroma, reflecting the combined effects of genotype, the soil and climate factors, agronomic management received in the plantation and postharvest technology used. (Copyright.infoAgro.com 2006).