Agronomía

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    Evaluación de la presencia de fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae en el cultivo de Frutilla Fragaria ananassa duch. mediante indicadores morfologicos, bioquímicos y moleculares en las parroquias de Checa, el Quinche, Pifo, Puembo, y Yaruquí, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Guevara Andrade, Jairo Leonardo; Salazar Ramos, Sonia del Carmen
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    Identificación de las principales plagas que afectan al cultivo de Fresa (Fragaria vesca) en tres zonas agroecológicas del cantón Quito, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Tamba Sandoval, Juan Enrique; Donato Ortíz, Jorge Washington
    En estudio investigativo. Identificación de las principales plagas que afectan al cultivo de fresa (fragaria vesca) en tres zonas agroecológicas del cantón quito, provincia de Pichincha. Cuyos objetivos fueron: Reconocer las plagas más frecuentes que afectan a los cultivares de fresa en Checa, Yaruquí y Pifo. Identificar los estados fenológicos del cultivo que se encuentra más afectados. Proponer alternativas de control para las principales plagas.La técnica que se utilizó fue la entrevista con la ayuda de un cuestionario. Su análisis mediante la estadística descriptiva y uso del programa Microsoft Excel. La preparación de los terrenos lo realizan en forma mecánica, utilizando maquinarias como tractores agrícolas y motocultores. La desinfección del suelo se lo realiza en Checa en un 92%; en Yaruquí el 97,50% y en Pifo un 76,47%; los productores realizan esta labor previa a la siembra para prevenir plagas con el usos de agroquímicos como clortirifox. Las principales plagas que afectan el cultivo en la zona de Checa; Yaruquí y Pifo en orden de importancia son: la mayor incidencia es de la Arañita roja (ácaros) (Tetranychusurticae); seguido de Thrips (Frankliellaoccidentalis); a continuación, los pulgones (áfidosn (Chaetosiphonfragaefolii); luego las Babosas (Arionhortensis) y la menor incidencia ocurre en el género. Hopliacallipyge(gusanos blancos, o cutzos). En las tres zonas de estudio la plaga que causa mayores daños al cultivo de fresa son los ácaros (arañita roja) y thrips, esto ocurre entre los 60 y 120 días después del trasplante; es decir al Transplante y desarrollo vegetativo.La mayor incidencia de plagas ocurre al Transplante; así lo afirman los encuestados de Checa en un 32%, mientras que en Yaruquí en un 37,5% y Pifo con el 35,29%. La menor incidencia de plagas ocurre durante el cuajado de frutos con solo un 8% en Checa; 10% en Yaruqui y 11,76 en Pifo. En las tres zonas de estudio el control de las plagas mayoritariamente se lo hace por métodos químicos (Checa, 80%; Yaruqui 93,33% y Pifo 82,35%). El control ecológico (Checa, 16%; Yaruqui 5,83% y Pifo 11,76%). esto es en menor frecuencia y finalmente el menos utilizado es el control físico (Checa, 4%; Yaruqui 5% y Pifo 5,88%).Dentro del control químico se lo realiza con clorpirifos, carbosulfan; profenosl; Piriproxyfec, entre otros; para el control ecológico se lo realiza con incorporación de materia orgánica, rotación de cultivos y utilización de agentes benéficos biológicos y el control físico lo hacen mediante remoción y destrucción manual de insectos y uso de trampas.
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    Control de nematodo meloidogyne sp. en tomate riñón (Lycopersicon Esculentum) híbrido nemoneta con tres dosis de intercept y nemasol en la parroquia Yaruquí, provincia Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Facultad de Ingenieria Agronómica, 2010) Llerena Díaz, Betty Silvana; Llerena Díaz, Sandra Patricia; Donato, Washington
    In the province of Pichincha there are some 599 173 hectares in close-up lenses, the main tomato-producing counties kidney: Quito, Cayambe, Pedro Vicente Maldonado, existing in the parish of Yaruqui an approximate area of 25 hectares of semi-technified kidney tomato with an output of 18 tonnes per hectare. Nematodes as Meloidogine sp. affect crop yield when the nerve block the functioning of roots. To control several methods such as crop rotation, soil sterilization and the development of resistant plant varieties. In 2009 the agricultural land located in the area of Hacienda Guadalupe Parish Yaruquí, Canton Quito, Pichincha Province, at 2505 meters, took out the paper: "Control of Meloidogyne sp. kidney in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) hybrid nemoneta, with three doses of Intercept and Nemasol. The area has an average temperature of 17 ° C and a rainfall of 750 mm / year. The goals that emerged from this research were: Control nematode Meloidogyne sp. in the cultivation of hybrid tomato nemoneta kidney with three doses of Intercept and Nemasol. Evaluate the most appropriate dose and Intercept Nemasol in nematode control in tomato cultivation kidney. Determine the agronomic characteristics presented by the kidney tomato crop in its early stages in each of the treatments. Conduct a cost benefit economic analysis. Design We used a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement 3x2 +1, ie 6 interactions nematicide type x dose and additional treatment or control, with 4 blocks or repetitions. The main results of this research were: The average yield of hybrid tomato Yaruqui nemoneta in the parish of the canton Quito was: 29 992.71 kg / ha, the principal effect of the application of nematicides there was an increase of 3 730 kg / ha. The yield response rates of nematicides in the kidney tomato crop which refers to the average yield was highest in A2 Nemasol (Chemical) with 33 620 kg / ha in the hybrid nemoneta. As for the effect of doses of nematicides on yield had no significant effect. For the interaction AxB were independent factors evaluated in the final yield Kg / ha is the effect of no nematicide rates depended on the dose applied. The components that increased the yield of hybrid tomato nemoneta were seizure percentage, plant height at 60 days, leaf length at 60 and 120 days, root volume, number of fruits, fruit diameter, yield kg / plot. The variables that reduced the yield were: leaf width, incidence of nematode populations and determining population fluctuations. Also, this study demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of nematicides of organic and chemical Intercept Nemasol in different doses for good control as is shown by the analysis (Annex N02), which improved the yield and quality of tomato for the market. The total net benefits ($ / ha) in the treatments, has the highest chemical Nemasol (T4) compared to organic Intercept (T1) at doses of 40 cc during the first growing cycle $ 22 481, 51/ha, and the cost / benefit ratio higher: RB / C of 2.18 and a RI / C 1.18. This means that the producer for every dollar invested, has a gain of $ 1.18. With organic Intercept (T1) the net profit is 20 $ 331.8 / ha, a B / C of 2.11 and a RI / C of 1.11 cents is that for every dollar invested, the producer would earn 1.11 cents
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    Evaluación del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria aplicación tres tipos de fertilizantes y vesca) con la tres dosis, en Checa, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Castañeda Andrade, Pablo; Veliz Alvarado, Raúl; Ballesteros, Adolfo
    is unfortunate that we continue making excessive use of chemical fertilizers any high degree of toxicity that contaminate groundwater soils, thankfully there are organizations that are concerned with finding ways to change the way farming using natural products combined. The choices are varied one is used Kokei Nugget to provide nutrients to crops. In the Czech parish decided to try this product at a dose of 15g-30g-frequency 45gr per plant in 60 days. For this study had the following objectives: To determine the dose and the appropriate fertilizer, determine the cost / benefit. The variables analyzed% of seizure, plant height of 25 66 days, length, fruit diameter, weight, fruit number and yield. The materials used in the investigation were: silver strawberry varieties (Alvion - Camino Real), fertilizer Kokei Nugget (7-7-7 +1) (10-10-10 +1). Design was used randomized complete block (RCBD). From the results obtained, the best treatment is received T1D1 15g per plant every 60 days. Nugget Kokei fertilizer (10-10-10 +1) and triple (15/01/1915) at high and medium doses produce phytotoxicity in the crop and hence the latter's death
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    Incidencia de la luz artificial en la productividad del cultivo de phlox (Phlox paniculata) variedad CEO. En la finca la Tolita de grupo Esmeralda Ecuador, parroquia Guayllabamba, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Chicaiza Pineida, Manuel Orlando; Barberán, César
    The tradition of the culture of flowers is original of Holland where it begins to specially appreciate his ornamental value at the time of the dark by his four stations becoming a product of great demand for the decoration of his homes. In Ecuador the florícola industry has been developed with an accelerated growth being the zones of greater growth the provinces of Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Azuay, Imbabura, Chimborazo, arriving to reach an area cultivated around the 2976 hectares This investigation was made in the locality, of the Property the Tolita, parish of Guayllabamba province of Pichincha that is to an altitude of 2,250 mnsm. This test with its parcel already established beginning in March of the 2009 with the exposition of the following specific objectives:  To determine the best time of exhibition and frequency of artificial illumination in the productivity of the ceo culture of phlox variety.  To evaluate the effect of the incandescent light on the growth and the productivity of the ceo culture of phlox variety.  To make an economic analysis of the best treatment and their relation Benefit/Costo (RB/C). A design of complete blocks with four repetitions was used at random, 3 times of illumination by 3 weeks of exhibition that constituted the 9 treatments. Variance analyses were made, tests of Tukey to 5%, analysis of main effect between factors, analysis of correlation and simple regression The most excellent results were the following ones: The agronómica answer to the artificial light of the 9 treatments was very different, having like better result to the T6 treatment: A2B3 (12 hours of continuous illumination) (weeks of exhibition 8-11) with greater yield, better degrees of quality in the boncheo, greater length of stem, minor percentage of stems not induced, in addition diminished the days to the harvest, as far as thickness of stems and plagues and diseases did not have significant differences. As far as the relation benefit cost (RB/C), the treatment that greater benefit obtained was the T6, in spite of its high consumption of electrical energy this was compensated in yield of stems, better degrees quality in the boncheo, minor cycle, minor percentage of stems noninduced and greater length of stems, reason why I diminish the cost stem and it did to him that he is but the profitable one. Finally this investigation I contribute to improve the productivity and yield of the culture of phlox, since it had serious problems as far as production and it was managed to determine the necessary amount of artificial light that ceo variety for its optimal development needs phlox.
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    Evaluación agronómica y productiva del cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum Annuum L.) en base a la aplicación de hormonas en la parroquia Tababela, provincia Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Tello Oñate, Marco Vinicio; Zapata, Olmedo
    This research was conducted in a parish named Tababela in the Pichincha Province, Ecuador, in the period between february and april 2015. The objectives that were raised in the following investigation were: Evaluate agronomic and productive pepper cultivation based on the application of hormones. Assess which of the hormones resulting in higher production in the cultivation of pepper. Determining the morphological features presented in pepper with each of the treatments. This research used as a material of study pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) of the variety Martha, of a established plantation and hormones: gibberellins and cytokinins. The studied factors were: Gibberellins = GA3 (10%) and cytokinin = (0.01%). The type of analysis used was descriptive statistics. The variables studied were: plant height, fruit length, basal diameter of fruit, fruit weight, number of fruits, number of branches, presence of pests and fungal diseases and weight of production per hectare. The study identified that the treatment 1 with gibberellin (GA3)(10% doses of 15g / 200 liters of water), generated a remarkable change in the morphological features, being the treatment with more number of branches (3,47 units) compared to treatment 4, which is the lowest (31.7% of difference). Also focusing in the variable plant height, it has the highest average around 58.00 cm and compared with treatment 4 with the lowest average, it exceeds in 15.39%. This treatment productively generated increased production reached 44.95 Ton / ha and compared to treatment 2 wich has a production of 21.3 Ton / ha, the lowest of all treatments, it presents a very significant difference of 23.65 Ton / ha equivalent to 52.61%. Finally this study validated the application of hormones in pepper cultivation established for the purpose of transfer and compare the results reported in this research, as a new alternative crop
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    Evaluación agronómica del desarrollo de plantas de babaco (Carica pentágona) con tres dosis de bioestimulante radicular orgánico y tres combinaciones de sustratos en la parroquia de Yaruquí, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Cotacachi Latacumba, Rosa Imelda; Salazar, Sonia
    In the international market the demand has been increased by some no traditional cultivations, in those which this, the babaco (Carica pentágona); in Ecuador it is cultivated for 15 years, for its high profitability in small surfaces, giving opportunity of sustenance to many families.This investigation was carried out in sites San Carlos, parroquia Yaruquí, to 2527 msnm. The outlined objectives were: i) Evaluate the best dose in the bioestimulante that provides bigger development of the buds in the babaco stakes. ii) Determine the best basis that provides the development of the buds and system radicular in the babaco stakes. iii) Determine the benefice/cost of each one of the treatments. A design of Complete Blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 3x3 + 1 witness. The Factor A. Substrates: A1:Humus 45%+Pomina 35%+Compost 20%. A2:Humus 30%+Pomina 40%+Compost 30% and A3:Humus 15%+Pomina 50%+Compost 35%. The Factor B three dose of bioestimulante B1 = 5cc/l, B2 = 10cc/l and B3 = 15cc/l. They were carried out variance analysis, test of Tukey for main factors and interactions; correlation and regression, economic analysis of the relationship benefit- cost. The most outstanding results were: the biggest height of the bud to the 190 days after the chiming was given in A1 = Humus 45% + Pomina 35% + Compost 20% with 36,27 cm. The dose of the bioestimulante with the biggest height of the bud to the 190 ddr, was the B2 = 10 cc/l with 36,01 cm. The best height of the bud to the 190 ddr, registered in the T2: Humus 45% + Pomina 35% + Compost 20% +10 cc/l Root most with 37,00 cm. The variables that increased the height from the bud of babaco plants to the 190 days, were height from the bud to the 100 days number of roots, longitude and root volume to the 190 days. Economically the treatment with the best net profit was the T7: Humus 15% + Pomina 50% + Compost 35% + 5 cc/Root most with $. 208,60 and a relation benefice/cost of 13,72
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    Respuesta del cultivo de la mini zanahoria (Daucus carota) a la fertilización foliar complementaria con tres tipos de abonos orgánicos y tres dosis en la parroquia de Puembo, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Pavón Duque, Omar Enrique; Donato, Washington
    At global level, the second most consumed vegetable is the carrot (Daucus carota L.). In Equator the cultivation of this kind of vegetable use approximately 14,443 Ha and it presents a performance of 8609 TM. The available information in the agricultural census does not present differences between baby carrots and normal carrots; all the information is presented in general because of this reason the information is not enough in the country. The main point is not about a special variety of this vegetable but of a kind of presentation of the general varieties which could be modified with the type of crop or earlier harvest. The biodynamic cultivation uses two inputs: solid and liquid of plant residues In the north and central provinces of the mountain region in Equator, there are small and medium groups of farmers who begun the vegetable organic production with successful. The main objectives of this investigation are: 1.- Determinate which of the three organic boughs have better production, 2.- Establish the best dose of organic fertilizer applied to the organic boughs for the baby carrots production, 3.- Realize an economic analysis (RB/C) of the best study treatment. The investigation and the fieldwork were in the “Cultivos Organicos del Ecuador S.A – Good Food” company located in Puembo. The design type was DBCA in the factorial 3x3+1 with one witness with three replications. The analysis realized were Turkey Proof 5% for the factor A and B; in the same way for the treatments, regression analysis, correlation and economic analysis. The main results were: The agricultural result of the baby carrot to the organic fertilizer application in terms of performance the best average was obtained by the A1 (fruits fertilizer) with 38192,1Kg/Ha. In terms of the number of doses applied the best was the factor B3 (low doses) with a weight of 39206,35Kg/Ha. The best treatment selected because of the best performance in this investigation was: T3 (A1 x B3) with 43238.09Kg/Ha. The components that increase the baby carrot performance were: plant height at 60 days, diameter, root weight and performance of the plot in Kg. Finally if we consider the agricultural and the economic points of view, the best treatment was the T3 (A1 x B3). With the final benefits of 2251.2USD per hectare; the higher relationship cost/benefit is: RB/C of 1.35 and RI/C of 0.35. This means that the producer per each dollar invested will get a gain of $ 0.35
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    Evaluación de la producción del cultivo del hongo comestible (Pleurotus ostreatus), sobre tamo de cebada, con aplicación de afrecho, y diferente porcentaje de micelio, en la parroquia Pifo, provincia Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Catucuamba Echeverría, Jenny Adriana; Espín, Bolívar
    Fungi are widely distributed throughout the world, there are approximately 10,000 species, of which only 10% are edible fungi cultivation has become a popular activity, and is an important agricultural product worldwide. In Ecuador oyster mushroom production is minimal and that it is used for consumption of the communities that produce it, and sends it over to Quito for a company is sold. Some of the substrates used for growing these mushrooms are the straws of barley, wheat, rye, oats, rice and sorghum, Some growers add products or additives that apparently improve the soil and provide increased production are few studies that have done on cereal straw for oyster mushroom cultivation also include the secrecy of the few producers by not providing reliable technical information, making this crop a mystery why this research is to determine the more efficient treatment of barley chaff that meets the fundamental characteristics that must be present in order to develop the cultivation, efficiently and profitably. The objectives in this research were to determine whether the application of bran supplement influences the production of edible mushroom cultivation. Select the percentage of mycelium inoculation efficient substrate edible mushroom cultivation. Determine if the whole barley chaff or chopped influences the production of edible mushroom cultivation. Determine which of the treatments you get higher yield and production of edible mushroom. Perform an economic analysis, benefit / cost of cultivation. This research was conducted in the parish of St. Anne Pifo industry, was used oyster mushroom mycelium in different doses, barley straw and cereal bran as substrate and supplement, we used a block design in factorial arranged. The main conclusions obtained in this research were: The response of the substrate based on barley straw ( FA) in different yield components evaluated were different, yielding the best answers on the A1 (chopped straw), which presented the best performance with a net weight of 126.6 g fresh per case in this trial. In mushroom cultivation was not the best choice based nutritional supplement use bran cereal (B2) for their excellent response obtained with a net weight of 135.8 g fresh. Efficient amount of inoculation for the fungus mycelium oyster type is 30 g, its best performance in fresh weighing 108.4 g per sleeve. The most important independent variables that contributed to increase the net weight of fresh oyster mushroom was gross weight type fresh and biological efficiency. The most important variables that reduced performance were: days incubation and mycelial contamination. According to the economic analysis was the best treatment T5 (A1B2C2), presenting the highest net profit of $ 0.16., A cost benefit ratio (RB/C) at $ 1.12 USD and one (RI/C) $ 0.12 USD, this means that for every dollar invested recover $ 0.12 USD
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    Evaluación agronómica y productiva de dos variedades de apio (Apium graveolens) con tres tipos de abono orgánico en la parroquia de Pifo, provincia de Pichincha
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Enríquez, Pepe Jesús; Fierro, Sonia
    The celery besides contributing to the population's feeding, their contribution is recognized with such estates as: a great variety of nutrients that you/they include vitamins, minerals, fibers, laxatives, slimming estates and other active biological principles. The organic payment plays a very important paper in the establishment of cultivation; its effect is reflected from the nurseries obtaining healthy plants and with good productions to the moment of the crop. This investigation was carried out in the place Chaupimolino, parish Pifo, canton Removes, county of Pichincha, to an altitude of 2550 msnm. The outlined objectives were: a) Evaluate agronomic and productively two celery varieties with three types of organic payment. b) Determine the main ones characteristic agronomic that presents the celery in each one of the treatments. c) Evaluate the productivity of the celery in each one of the types of organic payments. d) Carry out an economic analysis relationship benefit - cost (B/C). A design of Complete Blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 2x3. The factor A it corresponded to two celery varieties: A1: Triumph and A2: Premio (Bejo). The factor B was three types of organic payment: B1: Gallinaza 12 Tm/ha; B2: Humus 12 Tm/ha and B3: Compost 12 Tm/ha. Six treatments were had with three repetitions. They were carried variance analysis, main effect for Factor A: Celery varieties, test of Tukey for factor B: Types of organic payment and interactions AxB. Correlation analysis and economic of the relation Benefice/Cost. The most outstanding results were: The variety A1: Triumph reached the highest yield with 79348 Kg./ha. What meant an increment of the yield of 11.233 Kg/ha more in comparison to Premio (Bejo). The type of more efficient organic payment was that of gallinaza that reached a yield average of 77.317 Kg./ha. The treatment with the yield higher average was the T2: Triumph + humus 12 Tm/ha with 85.084 Kg/ha; and T4: Premio (Bejo) + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha with 80.304 Kg/ha. The independent variables that contributed to increase the celery yield were: days to the crop, volume of the root in cm3, weight of the plant in Kg. While the one that diminished the yield of valued celery in Kg/ha the stain incidence to foliate. Economically the technological alternative with the highest net profit in function only of the costs that varied they were the treatments T4: Premio (Bejo) + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha, with a cost of production of $. 15.054,72/ha with a $. 13.854,72 and a relation benefice/cost of 1,92, and, T1: Triumph + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha that registered a cost of $. 13.979,22 with a beneficent one net of $. 12.779,22 and a RB/C 1,91 and a RI/C 0,91. With this investigation improved the production and productivity from the celery when validating two varieties and three types of appropriate organic payment for this area agroecológica