Agronomía

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.ueb.edu.ec/handle/123456789/27

News

Ingeniería Agronómica

Browse

Filters

2010 - 201522

Settings

Start date: 2004Subject: search.filters.subject.PROVINCIA BOLÍVAR

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Respuesta agronómica del cultivo de chia (Salvia hispanica l.) a diferentes densidades poblacionales y fertilización en la granja el triunfo cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Sánchez Carrera, Franklin Xavier; Vega Llanos, Alba Yolanda; Monar, Carlos
    En la actualidad, la Chía sigue siendo un elemento esencial en la dieta diaria de los habitantes de México y varios países de América Central, convirtiéndose en un alimento cada vez más popular y habitual en supermercados y en herboristerías del resto del mundo. Estas semillas ofrecen ahora al mundo una nueva oportunidad para mejorar la nutrición humana, siendo una fuente natural de ácido graso omega-3, antioxidantes, proteínas, vitaminas, minerales y fibra dietética. Esta investigación se realizó en la granja el Triunfo a 350 msnm en rotación después del maíz. Los objetivos fueron: i) Estudiar el efecto de dos densidades de siembra. ii) medir la respuesta del abono orgánico y químico y testigo. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) en arreglo factorial 2x4 con 3 repeticiones. Se realizaron análisis químico de suelo y abonos orgánicos, de varianza, efecto principal y prueba de tukey. El factor A fueron dos densidades de siembra y el factor B dos tipos de abonos orgánico: humus de lombriz y eco abonaza un óptimo químico y testigo. Los diferentes componentes del rendimiento, no fueron afectados en forma significativa por los factores en estudio e interacciones, quizá debido al período de sequía en la etapa reproductiva. Sin embargo este estudio permitió validar el potencial del cultivo de Chía en la zona agroecológica de Caluma con un rendimiento promedio de 1008 kg/ha al 13% de humedad, en rotación después del maíz con humedad residual lo que se constituye en una alternativa tecnológica válida para mejorar la productividad de los sistemas de producción locales e ingresos económicos por el precio competitivo de la Chía en el mercado nacional e internacional.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Identificación de los sistemas de producción de maíz suave (Zea mays L.) en la micro cuenca del río San Pablo, cantón San Miguel, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) González Carvajal, Luis Fernando; Galeas Lombeida, Geovany Patricio; Yánez, Rodrigo
    El cultivo de maíz a nivel global, junto al trigo, arroz y papa son vitales por su contribución a la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria. En la sierra de Ecuador y por ende en la provincia Bolívar el maíz suave forma parte integral de los sistemas de producción. Esta investigación se realizó en la microcuenca del río San Pablo. Los objetivos fueron: i) Determinar los sistemas de producción prevalentes en la microcuenca; ii) Caracterizar los principales sistemas de producción y iii)Proponer alternativas tecnológicas que permitan mejorar la eficiencia del sistema de producción. El disponer de estudios actualizados de línea base, son una herramienta de planificación estratégica para formular propuestas que contribuyan al desarrollo sustentable del territorio. Para realizar esta investigación, se dividió la microcuenca en tres zonas: baja, media y alta. El tamaño de muestra fue de 201 productores. El sistema predominante de producción en la microcuenca es el maíz suave en unicultivo de las variedades criollas conocidas como maíz de Leche 63% y guagal 37%. En la zona baja y alta, el 100% del maíz es cosechado en choclo y en la media el 83%. El 79% de la comercialización es a través de los intermediarios, mismos que imponen el precio y forma de pago. Los principales mercados del choclo son en la costa (Guayaquil) y la sierra (Cuenca, Ambato y Quito). La vivienda y tenencia de la tierra son propias; disponen de servicios básicos (luz, agua entubada, telefonía celular y vías de tercer orden). La tenencia promedio de tierra es de 3 has. Existe limitada disponibilidad de mano de obra y su costo es elevado. Apenas el 23% de los productores tienen acceso al crédito. El sistema de producción prevalente del maíz se basa en la agricultura convencional que incluye la remoción del suelo con maquinaria en sentido de la pendiente con severos procesos de erosión hídrica y eólica, alta dependencia de insumos externos como insecticidas, herbicidas y fertilizantes químicos. Es común la quema de residuos vegetales, lo que hace al sistema insostenible en el tiempo y espacio. El ingreso promedio anual por UPA tiene un rango de 2 623 USD a 3573 USD. En función de los ingresos los principales egresos se distribuyen en la 101agricultura, ganadería, salud, educación y transporte. Finalmente este estudio demuestra que es urgente la capacitación a los productores/as a través de multimedios en la implementación de las buenas prácticas agrícolas teniendo como base la agricultura de conservación.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Producción de cacao (Teobroma cacao L.) en el cantón las Naves, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Gil Contreras, Dionicio Eugenio; Ramos, Geovany
    In the present investigation he intended to diagnose of the technology used in the production of cocoa (theobromatis cocoa l) in Las naves County Bolívar. In the communities of the sector three, Las Naves, Buenos Aires, Jerusalen and Bella Vista of the Canton Las Naves. The object was to identify the technologies used in the production of cocoa, to characterize the developed production systems in the cultivation and to determine the yields of the production of cocoa in relation to the cultivation technology. The procedure used to determine the methodology was through information coming from primary and secondary sources. Using a formal survey. In the use of the earth the biggest quantity in agricultural surface is dedicated to the production of cocoa, associated with coffee and citric, existing manpower, most of the producers works in its property with family in its majority, being 5Hs of average the extension of the properties, located in plane sectors, the farmers prepare the floor and they disinfect, the plantation type is real mark in its majority. Among the varieties that more they take place they are the CNN-51 production volume national for their aroma, although they have insufficient water, they water the cultivations for furrows. For the sale of cocoa they transport the product in car most of producers and they sell it in the local market to middlemen at $100, 00 the quintal, being so the average of the revenues is of $7163.73 and the average of expenditures of $1.597,28 what the annual utility of those producing of cocoa in this area is in an average of $5566, 45
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Diagnóstico del uso y manejo de plaguicidas en los cultivos de mora (Rubus Glaucus) y papa (Solanum Tuberosum) en los cantones Guaranda y Chillanes, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Chimbo Arias, Jorge David; Donato, Washington
    This thesis work was carried out with the objective of characterizing the information, identify the main problems and develop options to mitigate the risks associated with the use and handling of pesticides. In addition, analyze and improve the form as farmers use and handle pesticides in the crops the potato and blackberry into four sectors of Bolívar province which are, for the canton Guaranda Guantug Cruz and Corazon de Totoras; Matapalo and San Francisco de Rumipamba the canton Chillanes. The systematization of the surveys allowed to establish information that helped identify the main problems regarding the use and handling of pesticides on crops of potatoes and blackberry products more controversial in their plant health; favored such research to propose preventive actions to those groups at highest risk, to reduce dependence and abuse of pesticides. Analysis was performed on study variables were: social, productive environmental, economic, and technical impact with descriptive statistics of mean, maximum, minimum, and frequency ranges. I can summarize that farmers misuse of pesticides for different reasons such as: Ignorance, as the vast majority are only empirical and have not had proper training on how to handle pesticides. To recover your investment and thus improve their quality of life, without realizing the danger involved the misuse of chemicals exposing her health and that of your family, acquire very serious diseases and in extreme cases, death
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Caracterización morfo-agronómica de dermoplasma de arveja, (Pisum Sativum L.) en La Granja Laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Paredes Molina, Alex Mariel; Monar, Carlos
    The pea under different forms of consumption, is one of the most important legume for human consumption, such consumption has increased notably due to rapid population growth, excellent for its high content of protein and carbohydrates, used in industries. In Ecuador, are not available to foliar diseases resistant varieties as ascochyta. The objectives in this research were: i) Evaluate the main morphological and agronomic pea accessions of 11 features. ii) Select the best accessions of pea to study the agroecological zone, iii) Establish a database characterization and evaluation of 11 promising accessions of pea, which form the basis for future commercial varieties of peas. This study was conducted in the town of Laguacoto II, Canton Guaranda, Bolívar Province. Design completely randomized with 11 treatments and three replications was used. Analysis of variance, correlation, linear regression and Tukey test at 5% was performed to compare the means. The main results obtained in this research were: The highest average yield for tender was recorded in T8: lNlAP-435 Whitey with 4,778 kg / ha and dry in the T11: Pea Pink Chillanes (Witness) with 2,431 kg / ha. The factor that reduces performance by 68% was the incidence and severity of ascoquita. There was a positive association between component grains / pod, weight, size, and grain quality versus performance. Finally this study to select promising lines and commercial varieties (Appendix No 4) with good morphological and agronomic to continue the process of research and validation to improve the sustainability of production systems and thus mitigate climate change characteristics and contribute to food security
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Caracterización morfológica e inventario de los árboles y arbustos existentes en el bosque nativo de yagual en el sector Tundapamba, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Constante Alvarez, Diana Vanessa; Fierro, Sonia
    Forests are one of the most valuable ecosystems in the world. The Native Forest Elementary, is one that maintains its original structure. Yagual forests are vital resources for the conservation of biodiversity and hydrological functions. In the province of Bolivar and exclusively in the canton Guaranda no current statistical records of the amount of native forests still exist. An inventory and characterization allows to know the variation of the forest in different strata or ecosystems. Through this research is to contribute to an information base silvocultural of different species existing native forest and shrub in this forest. The objectives in this research were: Identify tree and shrub species present in the stand of Yagual. To determine the morphological characteristics that present each of the species. Conduct a study of forest species Dasonométrico. This research was conducted in the field of Tundapamba, belonging to the canton Chimborazo, Bolivar Province, formed three layers of a dimension of 20 m x 60 m each. The main findings are: When making an inventory of the trees and shrubs that make up the native forest stands of yagual, identified 5 species of trees, in which stands the Polylepis hirsuta (paper tree), and 22 species of shrubs among which Baccharis latifodia (white ragwort). The average total height of tree species in the stand under study was 5.2 m, with the largest species Polylepis hirsuta height with 5.1 m. The variable average total height of shrubs was 1.8 m, was epitomized by the species Polylepis sp with 3.3 m. The highest average of the variable stem diameter and basal area showed the same tree species Eugenia sp with 18.7 cm and 2.9 cm 2 in their respective order. The largest stem diameter at the shrub species recorded Myrcine sp with 16.2 cm sp. The largest relative density stands shrub species presented him with an index of 2.1, versus only tree species present a value of 1.6. The most representative plant species found in stands that had medicinal properties were Arrayán, pumin, grind, matico, and caglán
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluación agronómica de la eficiencia del uso de nitrógeno en los cultivos de amaranto Iniap alegría (Amaranthus Caudatus L), quinua iniap tunkahuan (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd) con cinco niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en la granja Laguacoto II, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Villafuerte Herrera, Luis Fernando; Villafuerte Herrera, Oswaldo Alfonso; Monar, Carlos
    Amaranth and quinoa, were domesticated by the Incas, and cultivated in various production systems and have excellent nutritional quality, it can contribute to food security and sovereignty, to mitigate the high levels of malnutrition in the population. Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in agriculture and is used worldwide. The N in amaranth and quinoa, is essential for productivity. But improper use and low chemical and agronomic efficiency, give the effect high rates of pollution. Nitrogen efficiency is less than 50 % , the losses are greater than 30% and 70% is distributed in plants and in the soil , being vital reduce leaching , volatilization , and environment pollution and water . Strategies for this are the Best Management Practices and the tool Nitrogen Index (IN), it generates an annual review of the inputs and outputs of N in the production system and the residual N potentially available to subsequent crops. The objective of this research was to study the effect of five N rates on the production efficiency of amaranth and quinoa. The main materials were: Amaranth lNlAP Algeria, quinoa lNlAP Tunkahuan, Urea and Software IN. We applied a design randomized complete block with 5 treatments (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg / ha N) and 3 replications. Analysis of variance and orthogonal polynomials. Soil analysis before and at the end of the trial, nutritional and of grain plant debris. Quantification of physical, chemical, and biological soil, amount and distribution of rainfall, agronomic variables, extraction and application of the Software N IN. During the crop cycle, the amaranth, there were a total of 292.8 mm, with 95 % of rainfall in the first 100 days, and 345,9 mm, with 90 % of rainfall in the first 100 days, which affected the efficiency of N and yield. The dose response of N, was different. For performance, there was a linear and quadratic response. The most significant increase for amaranth was 0 to 40 kg / ha of N, with 895 kg / ha and quinoa grain with 1,226 kg / ha. For total biomass and extracting and N in the grain tissues, there was a linear response, that is a higher dose of nitrogen, the more biomass and N in the tissue and grain. Agronomic efficiency higher presented with 40 kg N / ha 150 The IN, determined efficiency (43 %) in the system with 80 kg / ha N in amaranth and quinoa 85 % efficiency with 40 kg / ha of N. The average values of yield, biomass, dry matter, N extraction, chemical and agronomic efficiency, depended agronomic crop management, weather conditions, physical, chemical and biological soil. The highest average grain amaranth was quantified with 120 kg / ha of N to 2,743 kg / ha at 14% moisture and quinoa with 3,421 kg / ha. A higher dose of N, more biomass production, extraction of N in plant debris and in the grain. The agronomic efficiency was determined amaranth 40 kg N / ha to 12 kg of grain produced quinoa and also 40 kg N / ha, 15 kg of grain produced per kg of N applied. The higher rainfall and poor distribution, more leaching. The process less economic loss by volatilization, denitrification and residual nitrates leached was 40 kg N / ha. Finally, this study contributed to generate information and valuable results for sustainable management of N, to reduce losses and contamination of aquifers and the environment, and climate change mitigation
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluación agronómica de la eficiencia del uso de nitrógeno en el cultivo de cebada (Hordeum Vulgare L.) variedad INIAP-Guaranga 2010 con cinco niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en la Granja Laguacoto III, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (2012) Gualotuña López, Elvis Mauricio; Monar, Carlos
    The cultivation of barley worldwide ranks fifth among the major cereal production is of vital importance in industry and human consumption, rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. Its importance lies in that it contains nutrients in concentrated form, are easily stored, transported and stored for long, can be used as raw material or finished product. Barley is very demanding on nitrogen fertilization, N being an essential element for the successful development of this crop, however due to biotic and abiotic efficiency is low. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm Laguacoto III in Bolivar State University. The site is at an altitude of 2622 m, with a clay loam soil type. The planting date was March 28, 2011. The objectives in this research were to evaluate the agronomic response of five levels of nitrogen on the main yield components of barley grown INIAP - Guaranga 2010; study the efficiency index of nitrogen in the crop of barley, an economic analysis of Appropriation and Marginal Rate of Return (TMR%). Design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with five treatments (N rate) and three replicates, the treatments were: T1: 0 (control), T2: 40, T3: 80, T4: 120; T5: 160 kg / ha N. Seed was used barley variety INIAP - Guaranga 2010. There were physical and chemical analyses of soils before and at the end of the test and leaf analysis. We ADEVAS, Tukey test, nitrogen index and economic analysis of partial budget.The main results were: • The dose response in terms of N on yield of barley was statistically different recorded the highest average in the T3 treatment (80 kg / ha N) and 2264.55 kg / ha to 14% humidity. • The most important yield components that contributed to increase the yield of barley were number of spikes per square meter with 80%, number of plants per square meter with 86% and the agronomic efficiency to 87%. • The highest average agronomic efficiency was quantified in the T3 99 treatment (80 kg N / ha) with an average of 14.60 kg / ha of barley grain per kg N applied. • The highest average chemical efficiency was quantified in the T3 treatment (80 kg N / ha) with an average of 60.04%. • The highest average total nitrogen removal of plant debris and grain, was estimated at T3 (80 kg N / ha) with 98.23 kg / ha, of which 61.18% is distributed in plant debris and 44.72% in the grain. • Increased efficiency of total nitrogen in the system, was estimated at T1 (0 kg N / ha) with 33%. • Weather conditions mainly the amount and distribution of rainfall, the physical, chemical and biological soil and the cultivation of barley, clearly influenced the efficiency of N in the production system. • Economically treatment with the highest value of the marginal rate of return was the T3 with a value of 371%. Eventually this research led us valuable bac
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 15 líneas de maní del grupo valencia (Arachis Hypogaea L.) en el cantón Caluma, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Mackliff Moncayo, Johanna Janeth; Vega Salas, Rodolfo Miguel; Monar, Carlos
    The peanut, is another important source of vegetable oil in the tropics and subtropics. It is native to the tropical South América, probably in Brazil. Although some Asian countries, particularly China and India, producing about two-thirds of the world's crop, currently peanuts are a major source of cooking oil in the American tropics, ranking second on the palm of African oil. In our country, maniseras areas are located in the provinces of Manabí, Loja and El Oro, where are grown from 10,000 to 15,000 ha, with average yields of 800 kg ha -1 of shelled peanuts. This production compared with the genetic potential of improved varieties is low and is mainly due to the lack of improved varieties available, poor quality seeds, inadequate management of the crop, presence of insect pests and diseases. Due to high demand of peanut kernels, INIAP through Oilseed Program Short Cycle maintains a continuous process of research in peanut producing areas to generate new materials with higher yield potential, resistance or tolerance to insect pests, diseases and better grain quality for different market segments. In this research, the following objectives were i) To evaluate the agronomic and morphological characteristics of 15 cultivars Valencia Group peanuts on the farm agro-ecological zone in Caluma Triumph. ii) Select the lines with the best agronomic and morphological characteristics for this agroecological zone, and iii) Establish a database of type Valencia peanut germplasm to continue the research process. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block (BCA) with 15 treatments and 3 replications: We performed variance analysis, Tukey test at 5% for comparing averages of treatments and correction analysis and linear regression. Germplasm response regard peanut yield components evaluated in this zone agroecological were very different, with the exception of percentage Vaneamiento and seeds per pod. The highest average yields peanuts, were recorded in treatments T6: (Pedro Carbo) with 5,456 and T13: (RCM - 112) with 5,053 kg / ha at 14% moisture. The yield component contributing to increase peanut yield was the percentage of grain with 12%. The highest number of pods per plant was evaluated in the T8: (Perla de Saavedra) with 20 pods. The percentage of grain (PG) highest was recorded in T5: (Bowling), with 88.33% due to the sheath and grain quality. Selected lines to continue the research process in 45 this area in the agroecological zone Caluma are: T6: (Pedro Carbo), T13: (RCM - 112), T4: (PI- 26202301-5 D) and T12: (SPZ - 457). Finally this research helped generate valuable information and results to improve peanut production in agroecological zone Farm Triumph, Caluma
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Caracterización morfo agronómica de 10 accesiones de cebada de grano desnudo (Hordeum Vulgare L.) en la Granja Laguacoto III, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Carhuaricra Rosales, Jorge Eduardo; Monar, Carlos
    The naked barley grain under different forms of consumption is one of the most important cereals for human consumption, and has increased significantly due to rapid population growth. In Ecuador, in the Bolívar province have not improved varieties naked barley grain. The lNlAP Grains Program and through the project UEB Research and Seed Production, are conducting a research process grain barley germplasm naked since 2011 to free the medium term grain barley varieties naked for her Good price compared to common barley. The objectives in this research were to evaluate the major morphological and 10 agronomic grain barley accessions desnudo.ii) Select the best grain barley accessions nude for study agroecological zones and iii) Establishing a database Morpho agronomic characterization of 10 accessions of naked barley grain, as a basis for future commercial varieties of barley naked in Ecuador. This research was conducted in the town of Laguacoto III, Canton Guaranda, Bolívar province. Design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Analysis of variance were performed, correlation, linear regression and Tukey test at 5% for comparing means of accessions. The main results obtained in this research were: The highest average grain barley naked accession was recorded in T5 with 2831 kg / ha at 14% moisture, surpassing by 18% the control INIAP- Atahualpa and 32% Rita Pelada The variable that decreased the grain yield of naked barley by 22% spike was shattering. The component to increase the grain yield of naked barley by 94% was the weight in kg / plot. Finally this study allowed select 5 accessions of naked barley grain with good morphological, agronomic and nutritional to continue with participatory research process and release medium term commercial varieties naked barley grain with high yield potential and industrial quality