Agronomía

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End date: 2009Subject: search.filters.subject.CANTÓN CALUMA

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    Caracterización morfológica y sensorial en dos épocas de cosecha de cacao elites tipo nacional (theobroma cacao) a nivel de fincas de productores en el Cantón Caluma.
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2009) Guamán Asis, Fernando Ufredo; Espinoza Mora, Kleber Estuardo
    The world cocoa production declined by 1.5% during the harvest of 2001/2002 to 2.777 tons, and is expected to recover to harvest 3,040 tons in 2002 / 03. The product offer is given by the following countries in thousands tonnes: Ivory Coast: from 1.185 to 1.240 -1.300; Ghana: 395-340 -450; Indonesia: 388-443 - 485, in 2000/01 -2001 / 02-2002 / 03, respectively (www.agrotropical.com 2006) Ecuador is known worldwide for the production of fine cocoa aroma, for the industrialization of the same obtaining chocolate and high quality oil, which by their organoleptic characteristics have been classified as a high quality cocoa, and there are currently approximately 370,000 ha. planted in 60,000 production units. For the period 1997 - 1998, it accounted for 4% of world production of which is estimated at approximately 100,000 MT / year (ICCO 1999). 75% of exportable production of fine Ecuadorian cocoa flavor is used for the production of high quality chocolates (www.Ecuador.fedexpor.com 2006) With the emergence of diseases such as witches' broom (pernicious Crinipellis) and Monilla (Moniliophthora roreri), about 1900, the cocoa producers replaced, the National cacao hybrid of Trinity origin with a high percentage of resistance to fungal diseases (Quiroz, 1997). In the country, despite the phytosanitary problems mentioned, the future of the crop provides flattering prospects for continued foreign industry requirements for this fruit (Vera, J. 1993). In Bolivar Province as in the country the planting and production of National Quality cocoa is minimal, by not having a gene bank to provide seed material product quality. In this situation, in the selection process Caluma elite National cacao trees on the farm producers began Canton; however this process has not been done with the selection indices required as pod index, seed index, resistance to pests and diseases, etc. thus trees identified not necessarily meet the agronomic and sanitary considered minimum requirements for mass multiplication let alone for commercial distribution. This research was to apply techniques to identify plants with fruits that have the best rates required as the organoleptic characteristics of almonds. The flavor determined by the taste and aroma, reflecting the combined effects of genotype, the soil and climate factors, agronomic management received in the plantation and postharvest technology used. (Copyright.infoAgro.com 2006).