Agronomía

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Ingeniería Agronómica

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End date: 2009Subject: search.filters.subject.FERTILIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y ORGÁNICA

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    Evaluación agronómica con investigación participativa de tres líneas promisorias de amaranto (amaranthus sp.) con fertilización química y orgánica en la localidad de Laguacoto II, Provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2006) Guata Patin, Carlos Vinicio; Monar Benavides, Carlos Marcial
    Amaranth is an Andean crop and part of the production systems of our aboriginal and was used for religious rites and as the foundation of your diet along with corn, quinoa, potatoes, lupine and others. Amaranth is currently a crop that can be used in human and animal food. This plant has proteins (amino acids) and some minerals such as iron and calcium. They can produce a wide variety of products such as flour, popcorn, desserts, biscuits, baby food, etc., with added value. Bolivar province, disappeared amaranth cultivation due to genetic erosion and replacement with agro ecosystems that today are unsustainable and are the unicultivos. Amaranth because of its nutritional characteristics of excellent quality, it has niche markets like the European Union, United States and is a species that can effectively contribute to the food security and sovereignty. This research was conducted with the active participation of students, technicians, researchers, producers / as, and Local Agricultural Research Committee (CIAL). This test was performed at the Experimental Farm Laguacoto II, State University of Bolivar, located in the parish Veintimilla, Canton Guaranda, Bolívar province. The soil type is clay loam; low to medium nitrogen; low for phosphorus and sulfur; Good potassium. The soil has a pH of 6.7. Low organic matter content of 2.8%.
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    Evaluación agronómica de dos líneas de arveja (pisum sativum l) y su efecto a la fertilización química y orgánica, en el Cantón Chimbo
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2008) Prado Velasquez, Luís Alfredo; Monar Benavides, Carlos Marcial
    Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a legume that is grown in almost everyone, although it is more suited to temperate, cold and wet climates. As a cultivated plant is very old and employment in the food and feed it back to 6000-7000 BC. Although dry peas are produced almost everywhere, the areas that are most relevant are located in Asia and Europe. In total, worldwide 6.5 million hectares is cultivated, with a production of 11 million tonnes and average yields around 1,700 Kg. / Ha dry. With regard to green peas, world culture amounts to 806 000 ha, with a production of 5.2 million tons with an average yield of 6,467 kg. / Ha. (Verissimo, L. 2000). World demand for grain is currently on production, determining that at the beginning of the third millennium 826 million men, women and children suffer from hunger. Furthermore, if one takes into account the projected population growth for the next decades it might ask How can feed a world population that will be 8,300 million for the year 2225? (FAO, 2005). Production in Ecuador is divided into dry crop which occupies an area of ​​12,696 ha, of which 38% corresponds to the province of Bolivar in first place and harvest in tender with 12,206 ha in the first province Chimborazo with 26% and the province Bolívar in fifth place with 10% (MAG, 1995). Since the pea is relatively short cycle and has a little extended root system and fails to fully exploit the soil, it requires a high supply of available nutrients to develop and produce high yields. So in the initial state, the plant must absorb nitrogen from the soil while the contribution made symbiotic bacteria is not available. From this moment, usually applied through fertilization is not necessary. The soil must provide the other nutrients, hence the need to fertilize and fertilizer to apply, which are determined by the availability of nutrients and the same demands of the plant; that is, it must be ordered for each particular situation. (Monsalve, M). Currently market requirements demand crops suitable for agribusiness and preference for healthy products free of pesticide residues, to ensure food security. The problems of this crop in the province Bolivar and especially in the canton Chimbo and territorial area being suitable for this crop, most farmers do not engage in this farming extensively by low production because the soils are degraded and have little knowledge regarding the management of chemical and organic fertilization on soil conservation tillage. Due to the demands of market production, virtually almost all producers engaged in this culture, use modern inputs. The growth of pea production in Ecuador and the world is accompanied by an increase in unsafe use of chemical fertilizers and agricultural pesticides, which threatens the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security of our country. The varieties currently grown, are susceptible to root disease complex (Pythium sp, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia sp) and leaf (Anthracnose, Alternaria sp and Ascochyta sp), being necessary to validate promising lines with resistance to these pathogens and responding to needs of different segments or links in the agri-food chain. Besides inadequate and unsure of agrochemicals, fertilizers and additives in food production, use make these soils containing toxic waste, making it necessary to initiate a process of improving degraded soils, with the use of organic fertilizers such as Ecoabonaza to contribute to food security products free of toxic residues and medium term ecological and organic products offer good quality.