Agronomía
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Item Evaluación de la pérdida del suelo por erosión hídrica en tres sistemas de producción en la microcuenca de la quebrada Chilcapamba, Cantón Chillanes, Provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2008) Chela Morocho, Efraín Edwin; Monar Gavilanez, Nelson ArturoThis work of investigation was made in the year 2007 - 2008, in the locality of the Vaquería, Chillanes region, Province Bolivar. In this investigation considered the following objectives: to determine the amount of soil that loses by effect of the superficial draining in the production systems grass, maize and bean in monoculture; to calculate the superficial draining in the production systems; to make the economic analysis of the reduction in the productivity of the headings in study by effect of the hydric erosion. In the province of Bolivar, 92% of the surface correspond to slope soils, of which 45% are in processes of critical erosion, had mainly to the inadequate use of the farming practices associated to the climatic and edáficas conditions of the zone. The most serious form of degradation of the soil is the caused one by the hydric erosion that depends on the amount, intensity, duration, diameter of the drop of water, speed and kinetic energy of the drops of rain, slope level, cover of the soil and deficient practices of conservation. Of the microriver basin of the Alumbre river, studies are not registered that quantify the degradation of the soil caused by the hydric erosion in the main production systems. Therefore, the INIAP with the support of SANREM CRSP, at random implemented a study with the main cultures of the zone (grass, maize and bean) in Desing of Complete Blocks with three treatments and three repetitions, were made analysis of variance and test of the Tukey to 5%. The variables that were evaluated are volume of water by precipitation, slipped volume of water, gross weight of sediments in suspension, coefficient of draining, infiltrated volume of water, sediment gross weight per year and the loss of macro and micronutrients. The results show that the production system that favored the loss of soil is the maize. In the production system of grass the smaller amount of loss of soil was registered, thus contributes to the conservation of this resource. The production systems in which the greater superficial draining was registered correspond to bean and maize. In the system maize it is where greater losses of macro and micronutrients of the soil take place. The production system of maize with high precipitation levels favors the superficial draining with greater drag sediments and its direct incidence on the loss of fertility of soil. The production 60 system of grass favors the greater amount of infiltration of the rainwater. The erosion of the soil not only generates physical and environmental problems in the subriver basin, but in addition socioeconómicas repercussions in the homes, economic losses by the reduction of the productivity of the cultures on which the familiar sustenance depends. Finally it is recommended to design and to implement alternative technological friendly with the environment for the sustainable production of the productive and economic headings of the subriver basin and to generate spaces for the socialization of the information generated to motivate and to enable to agricultores/as in alternatives technological that the conservation of soils in the subriver basin foments.