Agronomía
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Item Respuesta del maíz (Zea mayz L.) iniap 111 al biofertilizante y fertilización nitrogenada, en la granja Laguacoto III, canton Guaranda, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Changoluisa Gavi, Galo Fernando; Monar, CarlosAt national level the cultivation of corn is a working source for thousands of Ecuadorian. The production of corn is carried out mainly in lands of irregular topography, where the small property prevails and in 86% the production system is the corn associated with bean of type Mixturiado, particularly in the Bolívar State. By means of studies carried out by the Department of Handling of soils and Waters (DMSA), of the INIAP Santa Catalina has been demonstrated that the nitrogen (N) you/he/she is the main restrictive element of the production and due to a low efficiency of the same one, which is leached as Nitrates, you volatiliza like Ammonium and NO2 -, giving as effect the contamination of aquifer and of the atmosphere. By means of several experiments, it was possible to determine that great part of the contamination of the environment, caused by the inorganic fertilizers and the damages that it causes on the alive beings can decrease with the use of the microbial biofertilizantes with the help of stubs of Azospirillum spp. The County Bolívar is the main producer of soft corn and being the (N) the main obstacle for a good development of the cultivation, the Program of Corn of the (INIAP), with the State University of Bolívar, they have carried out a process of oriented investigation to validate the effect of three stubs of Azospirillum spp, (stubs Bolívar, stubs Chimborazo, stubs Tungurahua) and three dose of Nitrogen in the cultivation of corn variety INIAP-111l. A design of complete blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 4 x 3, for that which thought about the following objectives: i) To Validate the answer of the three stubs of Azospirillum spp, for the production of soft corn. ii) To Evaluate the answer of the three doses of N on the different components of the yield of corn INIAP 111; iii) to Carry out a budget economic analysis partially and marginal rate of return, to determine the best treatment and to transfer the technology to the farmers. A significant effect of the stubs gathered in the counties of Chimborazo, Bolívar and Tungurahua existed; being the most efficient in this investigation the Stump Chimborazo with 5.335 Kg\ha of soft corn. For the N, a lineal answer was presented, that is to say to bigger dose of N, but yield of corn. Additionally, a dependence of factors was determined among the stubs of Azospirillum spp, and the N, bony they were dependent factors. However for the area agroecológica of the Laguacoto, the best application as for net profit is the treatment: T8: C4N2 (stubs Chimborazo+ 60 Kg\ha of N). Finally this study allowed reducing the use of (N) synthetic at 60 KgN\Ha of the highest dose, what contributes to the reduction of the contamination of the environment with a production in ecological process of the dry corn, contributing to the alimentary security