Agroforestal

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Ingenieria Agroforestal

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Browsing Agroforestal by Author "Fierro, Sonia"

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    Efectos de tres métodos pregerminativos y tres sustratos en la propagación de melina (Gmelina arborea roxb.) en el recinto Sabanetillas, cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Muñoz Rendón, Mariano Lauriano; Vera Rendón, Wilson Alfredo; Fierro, Sonia
    At world level the ecology is affected by the constant deforestation of the surface terrestrial year to year the arboreal masses they have come diminishing in some American countries Center and Tercermundista for the indiscriminate pruning of the forests, originating desertization processes and degradations of the floors; situation that worries the governments that are taking stocks tenements to the processes of preservation of the forests. The Melina (Gmelina arboreal Roxb) it is a forest species of quick growth and that he/she offers wide possibilities for the development of the reforestation One of the factors that subtract the productivity of this species it is the first floor percentage of germinative of the seed, being necessary to evaluate different methods pregerminativos and types of bases in the nursery stage. This investigation was carried out the experimental farm of the Agricultural Technical College "Sabanetillas”, of the Sabanetillas in the Main Parish of Echeandía to an altitude of 620 mls with a temperature average of 25 oC and an annual precipitation of 1400 mm The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: i) Determine which is the method more appropriate pregerminativo in their propagation. ii) Evaluate the best basis type to obtain the development of the plant. iii) The economic analysis of the partial budget and marginal rate of return. A Design of Complete Blocks was used at random in factorial arrangement 3x3+1 with three repetitions. The Factor A it corresponded to 3 Methods pregerminativos: A1: Scarification of the seed with nitric acid; A2: Treatment with hot water for three minutes and A3: I soak in cold water for 48 hours. The Factor B was 3 types of Bases: B1: 75% of vegetable garden earth more 25% of sand; B2: 75% of vegetable garden earth more 25% of pulp of coffee and B3: % of vegetable garden earth more 25% of sand and 25% of pulp of coffee. Ten treatments were had. Variance analysis was made, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and regression and budget economic analysis partially and TMR%. 145 The most outstanding results obtained in this investigation were: In the interaction of factors methods pregerminativos for types of bases, the effective treatments were the T7: A3B1 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 75% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand) and T9: A3B3 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 50% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand + 25% of pulp of coffee) with 96% of survival of Melina plants to the 90 days. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a percentage of survival of more vigorous Melina plants to the 90 days were: brotación percentage; height of plants to the 60 days; diameter of the shaft to the 60 and 90 days; number of leaves to the 60 and 90 days; wide of the leaf to the 60 days; longitude of the petiole to the 60 days and root volume in cm3. In function of the budget economic analysis the treatment with the best net profit was the T7 partially: A3B1 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 75% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand) with $. 16,17 and a TMR of 105%. This investigation to contribute to improve the propagation of Melina plants with an effectiveness average of 85%
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    Estudio del impacto agroforestal a los moradores asentados en los márgenes de la vía en mejoramiento Guanujo - Echeandía
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Chávez Coloma, Laura Beatríz; Landín Chávez, Dely Marianela; Fierro, Sonia
    In the Ecuador due to the populational increase is necessary the opening and improvement of highways, which cause big damages agroforestales; this happens when they are not carried out the studies of feasibility in the construction of the roads. The present study looked for to know the grade of damage agroforestal caused by the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which we can appreciate that the damage agroforestal is not very significant. The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: To determine the main factors the residents' of the margins of the road Agroforestales in improvement Guanujo - Echeandía. To analyze the obtained information based on the surveys. This study was carried out in the margins of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which was carried out the surveys to the residents of this area, using the stratified sampling. To gather the information he/she was carried out the survey directly to the house residents at home in the sectors of: Guanujo, Chalungoto, Atandahua, Candiushi, Cochapamba, The Glass, Tambo Real,Illuví, Capilluco, Palm Hill, Mulayaco, Lemon, The Dinner, The Painful one, Puruhuay, Shirahuan, Pitiambi, The Houses and San Vicente. The identification of the area was by means of a map satelital of the area in study provided by the Association Caminosca - Thesa, responsible for the studies of the road, in which was determined the sectors of this investigation. The survey was semi structured on the base of open and closed questions using a clear and comprehensible language. For the analysis of the study the statistical program SPSS was used. In this study you concluded the following: The lands of the residents are down in a great majority, reason why a minimum part is leased; these lands also have an irregular topography. In what refers to the land loss for amplification one has that in the stratum 1 80% of those interviewed lost 736 m2; in the stratum 2 93% of those interviewed lost 75 872 m2 and in the stratum 3 74% of those interviewed lost 820 m2; therefore we have that the stratum more you affect for the improvement vial it is the stratum 2. The residents of the Stratum 1, they possess the following cultivations: Pope and cereals (corn, barley, wheat), among the grasses we have: kikuyo, trenches and medic, of forest species is: Pines, Cypress, Eucalyptuses and Fences of Milkman and Tiupitian; in the Stratum 2 the cultivations prevail of: it lives and corn, the grasses that stand out are: Kikuyo and Elephant, of species forest Pines, Eucalyptuses, Fences of Chilca and Platuquero; and finally in the Stratum 3 the cultivations of more production are: Guinean, orange, sugar cane and banana, among the most excellent grasses are: Elephant, Saboya and Brachiaria, and of the forest species that possess they are: Fernán Sánchez, Platuquero, Motilón and Fences of Plum tree, Maté, Patevaca. Along the highway in study the following cultivations were affected mainly: it lives and cane; among the affected grasses we have: the kikuyo; and lastly the affected forest species are the following ones: Fences of Chilca, Tiupitian, Platuqueros, Milkmen, Plum trees, Matés and Patevaca. According to the residents of this sector diminished largely the forest production for the indiscriminate pruning of the trees. In the first Stratum of it determined that if it changed the texture of the floors because you mescla the stony materials with the arable earth; and in the Strata 2 and 3 they agree that it won't change the texture of the floors, because their lands are more inside the road. In the total itinerary of this via it has been determined that 42.13% of affectation exists in the resources floor and it dilutes. Finally in this investigation was demonstrated that in the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía bigger destruction agroforestal doesn't exist in the margins of the same one
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    Evaluación agronómica de plántulas de neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss), en vivero utilizando cuatro tipos de sustratos y tres dosis de root most en el cantón Echeandia, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Ledesma Ledesma, Carlos Hernán; Ledesma Ledesma, Willian Isidoro; Fierro, Sonia
    The tree of the Neem (Azadirachta indicates A. Juss), has outstanding potential importance, by virtue of its very distinctive characteristics, which are recognized in the scientific world of occident, and grateful its millennial use in the cultures of the old world. This investigation was carried out in the place San Eduardo, Canton Echeandía, province Bolívar. The outlined objectives were i) Determine which of the four basis types it is the best for the propagation of the Neem. ii) Identify which of the three doses of Root Most is the appropriate one for the development of the plants of Neem in the stage of the nursery. iii) Carry out the economic analysis of benefit cost (B/C). A design of Complete Blocks was used at random in arrangement factorial 4x3+1x3 repetitions. The factor A corresponded to four types of bases: A1: Earth of guabo 50% + Earth of place 40% + sand 10%; A2: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 50% + sand 10%; A3: Earth of guabo 30% + Earth of place 50% + sand 20% and A4: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20%. The factor B was three doses of Root Most: B1: 2 cc/litro of water; B2: 4 cc/liter of water and B3: 6 cc/liter of water. Twelve treatments and a witness were had. They were carried out chemical analysis of bases, variance, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and lineal regression, relations benefit-cost B/C. The main results were: The basis with the biggest percentage in survival of plants of Neem to the 90 days was A4: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20% with 98%. The dose of Root Most with the bigger than plant survival was the B2: 4 cc / liter of water with 97%. The treatment with the best survival was: T 12: A4B3 (Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20% + 6cc/l of water) with 99%. The variables that increased the survival of plants were: percentage of apprehension of plants; plant height to the 30,60 and 90 days; shaft diameter to the 30 and 60 days; number of leaves and foliose to the 90 days; rachis longitude to the 60 and 90 days; rachis diameter to the 30 days; long and volume of the root to the 90 days. The best relationship benefit-cost was given in T2: A1B2 (Earth of 116 guabo 50% + Earth of place 40% + sand 10% + 4cc/l of water) with a value of 4,62