Estudio del impacto agroforestal a los moradores asentados en los márgenes de la vía en mejoramiento Guanujo - Echeandía

Abstract

In the Ecuador due to the populational increase is necessary the opening and improvement of highways, which cause big damages agroforestales; this happens when they are not carried out the studies of feasibility in the construction of the roads. The present study looked for to know the grade of damage agroforestal caused by the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which we can appreciate that the damage agroforestal is not very significant. The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: To determine the main factors the residents' of the margins of the road Agroforestales in improvement Guanujo - Echeandía. To analyze the obtained information based on the surveys. This study was carried out in the margins of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which was carried out the surveys to the residents of this area, using the stratified sampling. To gather the information he/she was carried out the survey directly to the house residents at home in the sectors of: Guanujo, Chalungoto, Atandahua, Candiushi, Cochapamba, The Glass, Tambo Real,Illuví, Capilluco, Palm Hill, Mulayaco, Lemon, The Dinner, The Painful one, Puruhuay, Shirahuan, Pitiambi, The Houses and San Vicente. The identification of the area was by means of a map satelital of the area in study provided by the Association Caminosca - Thesa, responsible for the studies of the road, in which was determined the sectors of this investigation. The survey was semi structured on the base of open and closed questions using a clear and comprehensible language. For the analysis of the study the statistical program SPSS was used. In this study you concluded the following: The lands of the residents are down in a great majority, reason why a minimum part is leased; these lands also have an irregular topography. In what refers to the land loss for amplification one has that in the stratum 1 80% of those interviewed lost 736 m2; in the stratum 2 93% of those interviewed lost 75 872 m2 and in the stratum 3 74% of those interviewed lost 820 m2; therefore we have that the stratum more you affect for the improvement vial it is the stratum 2. The residents of the Stratum 1, they possess the following cultivations: Pope and cereals (corn, barley, wheat), among the grasses we have: kikuyo, trenches and medic, of forest species is: Pines, Cypress, Eucalyptuses and Fences of Milkman and Tiupitian; in the Stratum 2 the cultivations prevail of: it lives and corn, the grasses that stand out are: Kikuyo and Elephant, of species forest Pines, Eucalyptuses, Fences of Chilca and Platuquero; and finally in the Stratum 3 the cultivations of more production are: Guinean, orange, sugar cane and banana, among the most excellent grasses are: Elephant, Saboya and Brachiaria, and of the forest species that possess they are: Fernán Sánchez, Platuquero, Motilón and Fences of Plum tree, Maté, Patevaca. Along the highway in study the following cultivations were affected mainly: it lives and cane; among the affected grasses we have: the kikuyo; and lastly the affected forest species are the following ones: Fences of Chilca, Tiupitian, Platuqueros, Milkmen, Plum trees, Matés and Patevaca. According to the residents of this sector diminished largely the forest production for the indiscriminate pruning of the trees. In the first Stratum of it determined that if it changed the texture of the floors because you mescla the stony materials with the arable earth; and in the Strata 2 and 3 they agree that it won't change the texture of the floors, because their lands are more inside the road. In the total itinerary of this via it has been determined that 42.13% of affectation exists in the resources floor and it dilutes. Finally in this investigation was demonstrated that in the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía bigger destruction agroforestal doesn't exist in the margins of the same one