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- ItemEvaluación agronómica de moral fino (Chlorophora tinctoria) con tres tipos de sustrato y tres dosis de ácido giberélico, en el cantón Echeandía provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2009) Balarezo Calero, Elenita Del Rocío; Fierro Borja, Sonia del CarmenThe moral fine (Chlorophora tinctoria), it is a specie of a great importance at world level from the social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. The indiscriminate pruning and the inadequacy of sustained programs of forestation pun in risk the existence of this species and many others. One of the factors that determine the low productivity of this specie is the short viability that presents the seeds, the unfavorable environmental conditions, and the insufficient knowledge of the benefits, for what it is necessary to evaluate the sexual propagation of this specie in different bases and gibberellic acid dose in nursery stage. This investigation was carried out in the canton Echeandía to 6 km road to Guaranda to an altitude of 600 msnm osl, with a temperature average of 18o C and an annual precipitation of 2500 mm. The objectives established in this investigation were: Determine the most excellent agronomic characteristics that present the plants in each one of the treatments. Study the effect (answer) of the gibberellic acid on the sexual propagation of fine morals. Determine the best type of basis to obtain the best germination percentage. Carry out an economic analysis cost/benefit. A complete blocks design was used DBCA at random in factorial arrangement plus a sample 3x3+1 with there repetitions. The A factor corresponded to there types of bases: A1: black soil plus bark of rice, A2 black soil plus guabos soil plus bark of coffee. The factor B corresponds to three gibberellic acid dose: B1: 100 ppm, B2: 200 ppm and B3: 300 ppm of gibberellic acid, 9 treatments were obtained plus a sample with three repetitions with a total of 30 treatments. The chemical of the bases, variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, simple analysis of correlation and simple regression and economic analysis were made. The germination of the seed of this specie is from 80 to 100% provided you sow it on time and with an appropriate treatment. As for the control of plagues and illnesses was carried out with Lynx for the earth and the rest was controlled in a homemade way, putting in practice insecticides, fungicides and trap for insects adults were guided to the organic control, in a nursery tree is more efficient this methodology in the definitive place it become more tedious this type of controls. The results most release obtained in is investigation of agreement a the objectives were: Regarding the most excellent agronomic characteristics the treatment what presented the best results in the 70% of the variably was T6 A2B3: soil plus soil guabos a 300 ppm of gibberellic acid. Regarding to the effect of the application of the different doses of gibberellic acid has effect not significant in the 90 % of the variably in is investigation In relation the basis was present the best results in world the variably except in the variably days the brotation DB was the A2: black soil plus soil guabos. As for a the variably AP the plus results se obtained en T6: A2B3: black soil plus soil guabos whit a value of 65,54 cm to 90 days. Regarding to the economic analysis the treatment that presented the smallest cost in relation to the beneficiate was A2: black soil plus guabos soil with a benefice of $ 0,07 dollars
- ItemDiagnóstico de los recursos naturales de la microcuenca de Charqui Yacú del cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2009) Vásconez, Andrade Duval; Viscarra, Monar Robert; Yánez García, Angel RodrigoRenewable the natural resources water, ground, vegetation and air are the goods of the nature that allow the processes of the life and development In the world every year the forests are reduced; according to the FAO (2003), In our country, the degradation of renewable the natural resources is constant. The deforestation with an annual rate of 163,400 hectares En Ecuador exists approximately 10.557.000 hectares of forests the grass surface has been increased in the country in decline of area of natural forests, the natural vegetal cover has been replaced by different types from uses, like (cultures, grass). Diagnosing the present state of the existing natural resources in micro Charquiyacu river basin of the Echeandía Corner, the boundary of the microriver basin and identification on the use of the ground and hydric network. Knowing the existing production systems in the microriver basin. The identification of the main species of existing flora and fauna in the microriver basin. And determining the hydric availability of the microriver basin. Yacu.se is the objectives of this investigation the present investigation was made in the Province Bolivar Echeandía corner Charqui sector I use the following materials Altimeter, Podadora, GPS, Rain gauge, Lisímetro, Equipment of Software. ArcView GIS 3,2 for the maps Microsoft Office. The methodology which I am applied in I diagnose is the one that is used to study a community or vegetal association within a microriver basin or geographic unit. In order to analyze the data taken from field, a simple program of descriptive statistic, Correlations and regressions. Obtained results the microriver basin Charquiyacu is located to an altitude that goes from 561 ms s.n.m to 1430 ms s.n.m. This area has a surface of 200.5 has is between the following edges: North: Miguel Espi'n and Aníbal Rosero (foot) where exist cultures associate and pastizales. The south: Gualberto Bonilla (head) mountain. This: Aníbal Rosero and Gualberto Bonilla (a flank) Mountain the West: School of Pángala (another Flank) pastizales. One determined that the microriver basin is of form type canelón in where 3 points of main affluence with 8 affluents of second order exist and 2 of third order Within the microriver basin exist 12 proprietors of the 200 earth that occupy 5 is the proprietor who has more land extension is Mr. Jose Villares with 32 has, the predominant production system is the grass with 58,85% of the surface of the microriver basin and 12,22% of natural forest and surpluses of forest.519 animals within the zone of influence exist altogether of which 24,08 % are of cattle in which it talks about arboreal vegetal species we have are 16 different species in where the species predominates chicken eye in which it talks about the shrubs we have to Asan, mountain Coffee and black Chilco that is those that but predominates in the zone you boil Them or crawling species that exist are Roast crawling, Palama, Mote of mountain, Bed I scream, the wild fauna we can say that 12 species of birds exist, Identified 5 species of mammals, being the species with greater I number of 8 animals is the Squirrel the identified reptiles that it has greater I number of animals is the Small lizard the amount of precipitation quantified in the microriver basin is of 566.4 mm by square meter in average at rainy time unlike the 63.23 mm by square meter at dry time these differences clearly must to the climatic factors. The volume of the water that happens through the volumes of the Charquiyacu river basin at the rainy time is in average of 39 liters per second unlike the volume of water that flows at the dry time that is of 25.36 liters per second in average this must to the amount of precipitation presented/displayed at the different times in the zone. An annual average of the hydric availability that offers the microriver basin of Carquiyacu is of 16,16 ltrs/seg. In summer ltrs/seg offers an average of 18,66. In winter ltrs/seg offers an average of 39,00
- ItemEvaluación del porcentaje de prendimiento y calidad de la planta de morera (Morus alba L) con tres tipos de sustratos y dos tipos de hormonas, en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2011) Quijano Vargas, Dario Javier; Sánchez Rodríguez, Tayro Willy; Espinoza, KléberThe main use of the mulberry at world level is like food of the silk worm, but depending on the town, it is also appreciated by its fresh consumed fruit, in juice or in preserves, as delicious vegetable, for its medicinal estates in infusions, for paisajismo and eat animal forage. The bases allow the anchorage of the system radiculars, playing a support part for the plant, it can intervene or not in the process of the nutrition of the plant. The vegetable hormones have to do mainly with the stimulation of roots, increase of the flotation, maturation of the fruit and, in it generates with the growth and development of the plant and their organs. This investigation was carried out the farm of State University of Bolívar CAEDIS Echeandía, located to an altitude of 600 msnm, temperature average of 25°C, annual precipitation of 2.300 mm and a relative humidity of 90% The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: i) Evaluate the apprehension percentage and quality of the mulberry plant agronomical with three types of bases and two types of hormones. ii) Determine the treatment that presents bigger apprehension percentage in the mulberry cultivation. iii) Determine the effect of three types of bases and two types of hormones in the quality of the mulberry plant. iv) Carry out a benefit-cost economic analysis B/C. An experimental design of complete blocks was used at random in factorial arrangement of 3x2+1 witness with three repetitions. The factor A: corresponded to 3 types of bases, A1: Fuzz of Rice 50% + earth of place 50%; A2: Fuzz of coffee 50% + earth of place 50% and A3: earth sowed 50% + earth of place 50%. The factor B was two types of hormones B1: Hormonagro and B2: Bio root, six treatments and a witness were had. They were carried out chemical analysis of bases, variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, main effect for types of hormones, correlation analysis and lineal regression, benefit-cost economic analysis B/C The main obtained results were: Significant statistical differences were calculated for most of the variables evaluated in the asexual propagation of mulberry. The basis with the highest percentage of the apprehension of mulberry plants to the 90 days was the A1: Fuzz of Rice 50% + earth of place 50% with 85%; followed by the A3: Earth sowed 50% + earth of place 50% with 81%. The hormone Hormonagro, had a bigger effectiveness as for the variable percentage of apprehension of mulberry plants to the 90 days with 82,00% comparative to Bio roots that presented 79,00%. In the interaction of factors types of bases for types of hormones the most effective treatments were the T1: A1B1 (Fuzz of rice 50% + earth of place 50% + Hormonagro) with 96,00% and the T2: A1B2 (Fuzz of rice 50% + earth of place 50% + Bio roots) with 85,00% to the 90 days. The variables that contributed to increase the apprehension percentage significantly from the mulberry stakes to the 90 days were the height of plants to the 60 and 90 days and the width from the limbo to the 90 days. The relationship benefit-cost in the production of mulberry plants in asexual form, by means of the use of bases and hormones, in all the treatments is superior that the unit, guaranteeing us a good profitability in this activity. The treatment with the best RB/C was the T7 with $. 5,56
- ItemAdaptación y caracterización morfológica de plantas medicinales subtropicales del cantón Echeandía, provincia de Bolívar(UEB.FCCAF.IF, 2013) Borja Barragán, Carmen Elizabeth; Chimbo Rochina, José ManuelThe medicinal plants contribute to the invigoration of the programs of health and also to the economy of the Ecuador. They are different the forms in those that take advantage the plants an according space continue growing the world population. Most won't have access to the medications of the industry pharmacists. The present investigation was developed in the experimental farm Echeandía of the State University of Bolívar, canton Echeandía, province Bolívar, located to an altitude of 600 mls. They thought about the following objectives: i) Establish a bank germoplásmico of medicinal plants in the canton Echeandía. ii) Identify and to characterize each one of the medicinal plants. iii) Create a database of plants medicinally for future investigations. It was used fifty species of subtropical medicinal plants to those that he/she was carried out a descriptive statistic being calculated Frequency (F), Percentage of the frequency (% f), arithmetic mean (Ẍ), Maxima (Max) and Minima (Min). The main results were: The morphological and agronomic characteristics of the plants medicinal employees in this investigation were different for the main evaluated variables. Each species has a report of medicinal use, registered its family, names communes, scientific name including the gender. The variable height of plants, diameter of the shaft, wide equatorial of the leaf, number branches and leaves, longitude of the petiole was evaluated in a sample of 6 plants to the 45 days after the transplant and in the stage flotation fenológyc. Registered 100% of survival in the plants of medicinal. Inside the characterization they were herbaceous type species, arbustive, of pleasant aroma, with different types of leaves, flowers of showy colors, plants that can be cultivated to open field or in gavels, being able to multiply for seeds and vegetative parts. One had presence snails, same that was controlled on time in a manual way
- ItemEvaluación de sistemas de labranza, uso de suelo y fertilización en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en la microcuenca del río Illangama, provincia Bolívar(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2011) Moposita Tandapilco, David Ancelmo; Velóz, FernandoTillage systems and conservation agriculture worldwide is still highly regarded within the management as an alternative source of protection for natural resources in Ecuador sustainable agriculture alternatives, is a sound management practice, despite these becomes difficult to incorporate technologies to farmer's practices because of this problem, the soil resource is exploited to a point beyond which activities such as overgrazing of livestock, agricultural production in marginal areas, involving not only the degradation natural capital, but also to socio- economic impacts on farming families. This research was conducted in the watershed of the river Illangama, Bolivar Province, at an altitude of 3500 meters; the type of soil was silt loam, MO with 8.05% and a slightly acidic pH of 6.3. The goals that emerged from this research were: i) Assess the medium term effect of two tillage systems, land use and fertilization on the potato crop on the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. ii) Determine the effect of tillage systems, land use and fertilization on the yield of the potato crop. iii) To conduct economic analysis of the implementation of farming systems, land use and fertilizer in potato cultivation. We used an experimental design of randomized complete block (RCBD) with 3 replications and 4 treatments. T1: Pasture with removal, conventional tillage, potato fertilization, T2: Pasture with removal, reduced tillage, potato fertilization, T3: Pasture without removal, reduced tillage, potato fertilization, T4: Pasture without removal, reduced tillage, potato except nitrogen fertilization (N). Were carried out chemical analysis of soil before planting, analysis of variance, Tukey test at 5%; partial budget economic analysis and calculation of the marginal rate of return. The main results obtained in this study were significantly influenced treatments, mainly in the analysis of variance for variables: root depth in cm, total yield in t / ha and dry matter of biomass in t / ha. The highest average yield of potato was assessed at T1: pasture with removal, conventional tillage, potato fertilization, but with a higher marginal rate of return on T3: Pasture without removal, reduced tillage, potato fertilization, because it reduces 76% of costs in preparing the ground. Economically treatment with the highest average value of the TMR was the T3: 804% and net income of $. 1832/ha, taking into account only the costs that vary with each treatment. Finally, 71 this study has contributed in reducing the processes of soil erosion in hillside agriculture through conservation tillage and crop nutrient efficiency