Caracterización morfoagronomica de 21 accesiones de trigo duro (Triticum Turgidum L. (thell) durum) en la localidad de Laguacoto II, canton Guaranda, provincia Bolívar

Abstract

The hard wheat under the different consumption forms is one of the most important cereals in the feeding human, this consumption it has been increased notably due to the population's quick growth, and an excellent semolina yield, appropriate protein balance and for favorable industrial conditions. The production of hard wheat represents 8% of the world production of wheat. In the Ecuador, they don't have varieties of hard wheat; the UEB through the project of Investigation and Production of Seeds of the School of Agronomic Engineering, comes carrying out an investigation process with germoplasma of hard wheat coming from CIMMYT, Mexico. The hard wheat stands out an importance for the high content of protein and gluten. The objectives outlined in this investigation were: i) to Characterize morfo agronomically 20 lines of hard wheat in the town of Laguacoto II. ii) to Evaluate the main characteristic morphological and agronomic of 20 lines of hard wheat and a control (Wheat Durum). iii) to Select the best lines of hard wheat for the area agroecológica in study. iv) a database of characterization and evaluation of 20 promissory lines of hard wheat that serve as base for future commercial varieties of hard wheat. The present investigation was carried out in the town of the Laguacoto II canton Guaranda, state Bolívar; a design of complete blocks was used at random with 21 treatments and three repetitions. They were carried out variance analysis, correlation, lineal regression and test of Tukey to 5% to compare the averages of lines. They were carried out analysis nutritional proximal of the three better lines for: Humidity, Protein, Ashy, Ethereal Extract (EE), and Summarize Free of Nitrogen (ELN), Fiber and Gluten. The main results obtained in this investigation were: The yield average of hard wheat evaluated in this area agroecológica was of 1856,31 Kg/ha. The yield higher average of hard wheat, registered in the lines T18 with 2558,87 Kg/ha; to 14% of humidity, overcoming the control that hardly surrendered 1638,46 Kg/ha thoroughly. The variables that diminished the wheat yield in 23%; in the less tolerant lines, they went 106 mainly the days to the flotation, the one flattens of the shaft. The components that increased the wheat yield hard to 16% they went days to the emergency, bigger longitude of beards and the yield for parcel in 90%. Of the analysis nutritional proximal of the three better lines of hard wheat, the indicators, mainly of protein and gluten, they are appropriate for the industry of pastas, noodles, semolina and cookies with 12,91% on the average general of protein and 17,6% of humid gluten. Finally this study allowed to select 10 lines of hard wheat (annexed N° 6) with good characteristic morphological, agronomic and nutritional to continue with the process of investigation participative and to liberate to medium term commercial varieties of hard wheat with a high yield potential and industrial quality