Diagnóstico de la revalorización de saberes locales en el uso del suelo y manejo del recurso hídrico de las cinco comunidades indígenas de la microcuenca del río Chimborazo – parroquia San Juan, provincia de Chimborazo durante el período 2009 - 2010

Abstract

He/she was carried out the "DIAGNOSTIC OF THE REVALUATION OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE USE OF THE FLOOR AND HANDLING OF THE RESOURCE HÍDRICO OF THE FIVE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF THE MICROCUENCA OF THE RIVER CHIMBORAZO - PARISH SAN JUAN, COUNTY DE CHIMBORAZO DURING THE PERIOD 2009 - 2010." The Andean ancestral culture has been classified as agrocentrica, which has gone losing centralidad from the Spanish conquest and then with the Green Revolution, however the Andean communities go recreating in way vivencial their knowledge and wisdom that at the present time is of valuable importance for the development of the local communities, for it the necessity to revalue its culture. The objectives that thought about were: i) to Identify the local knowledge on theuse of the floor and handling of the resource hídrico, in the five communities to revalue their cultures. ii) to Determine the knowledge on the use of the floor and water that can be applied to maintain the ancestral culture and to avoid the migration. iii) to Document and to socialize with the communities and the institutional actors of the Microcuenca the systematized ancestral knowledge. A statistical design was applied using the technique of the proportional stratified sampling with which you identifies the size of the sample of the five communities obtaining 145 elements you show them, with 7 error% and the systematic sampling was also applied or in series, for the identification of the elements by means of a distribution coefficient. Obtained outstanding results: You identifies inside the handling of seeds their selection way and preparation, these activities are developed mainly in the tubers: Pope, goose, melloco and mashua whose key ingredient to carry out these two activities is the straw ash and mark, native plants of the area. The conservation of the floor by means of the rotation and association of cultivations search to maintain and to recover the fertility of the floor with abonadura of semovientes manure through the technique of the corraleo or talanquera. The women comment that previously they recognized a fertile floor for the presence of the apungura or tarantula, the toad, the nettle and worms; today these knowledge are relegated, since many of these animalitos are next to extinguish for the indiscriminate use of agrotóxicos. Systems of ancestral watering as they are in furrows, serpentine or canterones, pishku chaki that uses them to him until our days for the cultivations and grass. The consumption water transported it in wooden barrels, pondos of mud to the house, already in the storage place they used the thorn, nettle, a cloth, technical of purification and cleaning of the consumption water. Very important in the handling of cultivations the preparation of the floor with hoe and yoke of oxen, avoiding the compactación of the floor, at the present time they are very few people that use this plow technique with yoke of oxen, are more frequent the use of the heavy machinery (tractor). Our ancestros knew the agricultural calendar very well, in the he/she showed precise times for the siembra, deshierba, aporque and it harvests. In potato's cultivations, goose, melloco and mashua were used indicators to know in state of maturation of the tubers inside those that stand out observing to the plant of yellow color, carrying out the crop then. After the crop he/she stayed the seed in the chaquihuasi, in heap or heap and in straw nests. Another practice is the conservation of the seeds of the grains and cereals with hill straw in pondos, fists, ceramic pondillos, these seeds conserved for more than one year and when using them they almost emerged 99%. Our ancestros wise men, conversed with the cosmos, the sun, the rain, the pachamama, for that vision and interest was able to interpret different symbols of the nature to be able to carry out very reliable agricultural works, today in day these symbols are almost unknown for the youths, most migran to other cities for work and study, in spite of it these knowledge and knowledge stay at the present time in the memory of the included comuneros some of them it continues them to him applying like a way to conserve its cosmovisión "man and nature like an everything