Evaluación agronómica del cultivo del cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum L.), con tres densidades de siembra utilizando fertilización química, fertilización orgánica y sin fertilización en la provincia de Pichincha, cantón Quito, parroquia de Tumbaco

Abstract

The cultivation of coriander is the most important issues worldwide. It is estimated that spices move around U.S. $ 6000 million in the market and the industry is growing by 5 to 6% annually. In Ecuador there are some farmers who grow cilantro for commercial and small trials conducted in order to improve their production, while most farmers traditionally continues to sow in rows, broadcast or simply as an addition to the family garden usually associated and alternate with other horticultural crops. The lack of information due to the lack of research on the cultivation of coriander, largely slows the development of this agricultural activity, since the time of seeding we find some drawbacks that leads up to dominate much investment of time and money. For all the above, this research proposes an alternative that increases productivity by changing the traditional idea of cultivation both planting density and fertilization. The objectives were: Evaluate agronomic cultivation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), using three planting densities and two types of fertilization in the parish of Tumbaco, Quito Canton, and Pichincha province. Determine which of the three planting densities is better in the development of the crop. Evaluate Establish the which economic of the two benefit-cost fertilization gives ratio.The factors better studied results. were: planting densities, using 3 densities: A steady stream, 5 and 10 cm between plants; we used 3 seeds per hill. Chemical fertilization, organic fertilization, and witnesses for each density. This research was carried out at the villa of Mrs. Gloria Davila, located in the province of Pichincha Canton Quito, Tumbaco parish, at an altitude of 2465 m We used the design of completely randomized blocks with factorial arrangement of 3 x 3 x 3.Se performed the Tukey test at 5% for the averages of the treatments and study factors A, B. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis and economic cost - benefit. 104 The main results obtained in this investigation were: The agronomic response over the three planting densities and the two types of fertilizer, agro-ecological zone for this was largely different. The average yield de la cilantro horticultural species was, of 6.14 kg / plot. The density gave the best results in performance of foliage evaluated in kg / plot at harvest, was a continuous stream: A1 with 7.5 kg, this due to the high density planting more plants had more foliage and therefore. In the fertilizer types altosen averages more cilantro performance was recorded in Q2: F. Chemistry with 7.9 kg / plot and the T3: F. Organic with 6.9 kg / plot. For the interaction AxB best performance was obtained in T 2 (A1xB2) with 10.56 kg / plot. The components that increased the yield of coriander were: number of leaves per plant at 30 days and harvest plant height at 50 days and cosecha y days to harvest. The total net benefits ($ / ha) in culture and evaluated taking into account the two best treatments and growth duration of three months, the highest benefit evaluadofueen the chemical (T2) with $ 8549,40/ha, and the benefit / higher cost: RB / C of 5.25 and an RI / C of 4.25. This means that the producer for every dollar invested, has a gain of $ 0.14.Con organic fertilizer T 3 net income / ha, was $ 6498.37/ha, a RB / C of 4.65 and an RI / C of 3.65 ie that for every dollar invested, the producer would earn 3.65cents