Agroforestal

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Establecimiento y evaluación agronómica de dos sistemas agroforestales con base el cultivo cacao (theobroma Cacao L) en el sector Galapagos, cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(UEB.FCCAG.IAF, 2012) Coloma Ochoa, Marisol; Hurtado Ruiz, Hugo; Yánez García, Angel Rodrigo
The systems agroforestales are guided to allow productive activities under conditions of high fragility, with degraded natural resources, by means of an efficient economic administration, altering to the minimum the ecological stability, that which contributes to reach the sostenibility of the production systems. The investigation was developed in the place Galápagos, canton Echeandía, Bolívar province, to an altitude of 910 m, temperature average of 22oC, precipitation average of 1800 mm. The objectives were: i) Settle down and to evaluate two systems agroforestales agronomical with base the cultivation of cocoa; ii) Evaluate the morphological characteristics and to determine the growth that presents the cultivation of cocoa in each system agroforestals cocoa in the first year of investigation. It was used two systems agroforestales: Triplaris guayaquilensis Weddell and Inga edulis with base of cultivation cocoa. Was carried out statistical analysis to determine the minimum value, maximum, average, relative frequency and percentage of the frequency. The evaluation was carried out to the beginning, 6 and 12 after established the systems agroforestals. The results of this investigation samples that the morphological and agronomic characteristics of the plants of cocoa inside the two systems agroforestales in this area agroecológica, were different for the main evaluated variables. At the end of the investigation the plants of cocoa in the system Triplaris guayaquilensis Weddell, reached a height average of 95,83 cm, with a maximum of 100 cm and the minimum 93 cm. In the system Inga edulis, the height average was of 86,50 cm, the maxim was 101 cm and the minimum 50 cm. To the 12 months, the minimum value and maximum of the diameter of the shaft of the base cultivation inside the system Triplaris guayaquilensis Weddell, it was of 0,45 and 0,69 cm. In the system Inga edulis, the diameter average was of 0,56 cm, a minimum of 0,45 cm and a maximum 0,69 cm. The plants of cocoa of the system Triplaris guayaquilensis Weddell to the 12 months they reached diameter of glass of 69 109,00 cm and in the system Inga edulis was of 103,44 cm. In the system Triplaris guayaquilensis Weddell one had 98,00% apprehension and 91,00% of survival of plants of cocoa; in the system Inga edulis registered an apprehension of 95,00% and a survival of plants of 87,00%. The incidence of Broom Trims glass (Crinipellis pernicious) and Ant arriera (Atta cephalotes) in the base cultivation in the two systems agroforestales, he/she registered respectively to the 6 months with an average of 9,00% and 69%. The systems agroforestales allow us to achieve a stable agricultural production, the forest species by themselves provide other benefits like: food source, wood and they improve the fertility of the floors like it is the case of the guabo
Evaluación morfológica de tres sistemas agroforestales con base de cultivo de café (Coffea arábica) con la aplicación de ecoabonaza y abono foliar orgánico en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Llumitaxi Chango, Janet; Chango Llumitaxi, Marcia; Espinoza, Kleber
The systems agroforestals are guided to allow productive activities under conditions of high fragility, with degraded natural resources, by means of an efficient economic administration, altering to the minimum the ecological stability, that which contributes to reach the sustainability of the production systems. The present investigation was developed in the canton Echeandía, county Bolívar. The place was to an altitude of 600 msnm with a temperature average of 25oC, a precipitation averages yearly of 2300 mm. The objectives that thought about in this investigation they were: i) Evaluate three systems agroforestales morphologically with base of cultivation of coffee to the application of Ecoabonaza and payment to foliate organic. ii) Determine the morphological characteristics that it develops the cultivation of coffee in each one of the systems agroforestals. iii) Evaluate the dose of Ecoabonaza and of payment to foliate that it presents better morphological characteristics of the cultivation of coffee. iv) Carry out an economic analysis of beneficent cost. T.I.RC. An Experimental design of Complete Blocks was applied at random (DBCA) with 3 treatment and 6 repetitions, the treatments were T1: Brown System + Pachaco + Ecoabonaza 14 TM/ha + 2.5 lt Leili/ha; T2: Brown System + Guabo + Ecoabonaza 14 TM/ha + 2.5 lt Leili/ha, and T3: Brown System + Fernán Sánchez + Ecoabonaza 14 TM/ha + 2.5 lt Leili / ha. They were carried out analysis of Variance, test of Tukey to 5%; correlation analysis and lineal regression; economic analysis of benefit cost. The most important results synthesized in this investigation were:  The answer of the systems agroforestales with the application of 14 TM/Ha of Ecoabonaza and 2,5 lt. of Leili used in this investigation, in the components of the Wide yield of the leaf to the beginning; diameter of the shaft in the crop; longitude and wide of the leaf in the crop; yield of cherries and brown parchment evaluated in this ecological area agriculture were different.  The yields higher averages of cherries and brown parchment, they registered in the brown System + Guabo + Ecoabonaza 14 TM/ha + 2.5 lt Leili/ha with 6.427 Kg/ha and 3.062 Kg/ha respectively.  To the beginning of this investigation one had presence of illnesses foliares like Roya in 71,65% and Eye of Chicken with 48,16% of incidence, to control these illnesses, a fungicide was applied to base it Gets paid (Cuprofix-30) in dose of 500g./200 liters of water. Once controlled the Roya and the chicken eye, for via being foliated it applied an organic bioestimulante (Maestro SL) in dose of 2cm3/liters of water.  The independent variables that contributed to increase the yield of coffee significantly were securities higher averages of the longitude and wide of the leaf and the yield of cherries at the end of the investigation. 90    The variables that reduced the yield of coffee were the incidence from Roya to the beginning of the investigation and the diameter from the shaft to the crop. From the sostenibilidad point of view in the social, economic, cultural and environmental environment, the option of the treatment T2 was the best technological alternative with a RB/C 1,59 and a RI/C 0,59 in comparison to the other treatments. With this investigation work, he/she has been able to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the systems agroforestales with base of cultivation of coffee more the gallinaza application and to foliate organic Leili

Agroforestal

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