Agroforestal

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Ingenieria Agroforestal

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Start date: 2008End date: 2009

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    Evaluación agronómica de moral fino (Chlorophora tinctoria) con tres tipos de sustrato y tres dosis de ácido giberélico, en el cantón Echeandía provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2009) Balarezo Calero, Elenita Del Rocío; Fierro Borja, Sonia del Carmen
    The moral fine (Chlorophora tinctoria), it is a specie of a great importance at world level from the social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. The indiscriminate pruning and the inadequacy of sustained programs of forestation pun in risk the existence of this species and many others. One of the factors that determine the low productivity of this specie is the short viability that presents the seeds, the unfavorable environmental conditions, and the insufficient knowledge of the benefits, for what it is necessary to evaluate the sexual propagation of this specie in different bases and gibberellic acid dose in nursery stage. This investigation was carried out in the canton Echeandía to 6 km road to Guaranda to an altitude of 600 msnm osl, with a temperature average of 18o C and an annual precipitation of 2500 mm. The objectives established in this investigation were:  Determine the most excellent agronomic characteristics that present the plants in each one of the treatments.  Study the effect (answer) of the gibberellic acid on the sexual propagation of fine morals.  Determine the best type of basis to obtain the best germination percentage.  Carry out an economic analysis cost/benefit. A complete blocks design was used DBCA at random in factorial arrangement plus a sample 3x3+1 with there repetitions. The A factor corresponded to there types of bases: A1: black soil plus bark of rice, A2 black soil plus guabos soil plus bark of coffee. The factor B corresponds to three gibberellic acid dose: B1: 100 ppm, B2: 200 ppm and B3: 300 ppm of gibberellic acid, 9 treatments were obtained plus a sample with three repetitions with a total of 30 treatments. The chemical of the bases, variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, simple analysis of correlation and simple regression and economic analysis were made. The germination of the seed of this specie is from 80 to 100% provided you sow it on time and with an appropriate treatment. As for the control of plagues and illnesses was carried out with Lynx for the earth and the rest was controlled in a homemade way, putting in practice insecticides, fungicides and trap for insects adults were guided to the organic control, in a nursery tree is more efficient this methodology in the definitive place it become more tedious this type of controls. The results most release obtained in is investigation of agreement a the objectives were: Regarding the most excellent agronomic characteristics the treatment what presented the best results in the 70% of the variably was T6 A2B3: soil plus soil guabos a 300 ppm of gibberellic acid. Regarding to the effect of the application of the different doses of gibberellic acid has effect not significant in the 90 % of the variably in is investigation In relation the basis was present the best results in world the variably except in the variably days the brotation DB was the A2: black soil plus soil guabos. As for a the variably AP the plus results se obtained en T6: A2B3: black soil plus soil guabos whit a value of 65,54 cm to 90 days. Regarding to the economic analysis the treatment that presented the smallest cost in relation to the beneficiate was A2: black soil plus guabos soil with a benefice of $ 0,07 dollars
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    Diagnóstico de los recursos naturales de la microcuenca de Charqui Yacú del cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
    (Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2009) Vásconez, Andrade Duval; Viscarra, Monar Robert; Yánez García, Angel Rodrigo
    Renewable the natural resources water, ground, vegetation and air are the goods of the nature that allow the processes of the life and development In the world every year the forests are reduced; according to the FAO (2003), In our country, the degradation of renewable the natural resources is constant. The deforestation with an annual rate of 163,400 hectares En Ecuador exists approximately 10.557.000 hectares of forests the grass surface has been increased in the country in decline of area of natural forests, the natural vegetal cover has been replaced by different types from uses, like (cultures, grass). Diagnosing the present state of the existing natural resources in micro Charquiyacu river basin of the Echeandía Corner, the boundary of the microriver basin and identification on the use of the ground and hydric network. Knowing the existing production systems in the microriver basin. The identification of the main species of existing flora and fauna in the microriver basin. And determining the hydric availability of the microriver basin. Yacu.se is the objectives of this investigation the present investigation was made in the Province Bolivar Echeandía corner Charqui sector I use the following materials Altimeter, Podadora, GPS, Rain gauge, Lisímetro, Equipment of Software. ArcView GIS 3,2 for the maps Microsoft Office. The methodology which I am applied in I diagnose is the one that is used to study a community or vegetal association within a microriver basin or geographic unit. In order to analyze the data taken from field, a simple program of descriptive statistic, Correlations and regressions. Obtained results the microriver basin Charquiyacu is located to an altitude that goes from 561 ms s.n.m to 1430 ms s.n.m. This area has a surface of 200.5 has is between the following edges: North: Miguel Espi'n and Aníbal Rosero (foot) where exist cultures associate and pastizales. The south: Gualberto Bonilla (head) mountain. This: Aníbal Rosero and Gualberto Bonilla (a flank) Mountain the West: School of Pángala (another Flank) pastizales. One determined that the microriver basin is of form type canelón in where 3 points of main affluence with 8 affluents of second order exist and 2 of third order Within the microriver basin exist 12 proprietors of the 200 earth that occupy 5 is the proprietor who has more land extension is Mr. Jose Villares with 32 has, the predominant production system is the grass with 58,85% of the surface of the microriver basin and 12,22% of natural forest and surpluses of forest.519 animals within the zone of influence exist altogether of which 24,08 % are of cattle in which it talks about arboreal vegetal species we have are 16 different species in where the species predominates chicken eye in which it talks about the shrubs we have to Asan, mountain Coffee and black Chilco that is those that but predominates in the zone you boil Them or crawling species that exist are Roast crawling, Palama, Mote of mountain, Bed I scream, the wild fauna we can say that 12 species of birds exist, Identified 5 species of mammals, being the species with greater I number of 8 animals is the Squirrel the identified reptiles that it has greater I number of animals is the Small lizard the amount of precipitation quantified in the microriver basin is of 566.4 mm by square meter in average at rainy time unlike the 63.23 mm by square meter at dry time these differences clearly must to the climatic factors. The volume of the water that happens through the volumes of the Charquiyacu river basin at the rainy time is in average of 39 liters per second unlike the volume of water that flows at the dry time that is of 25.36 liters per second in average this must to the amount of precipitation presented/displayed at the different times in the zone. An annual average of the hydric availability that offers the microriver basin of Carquiyacu is of 16,16 ltrs/seg. In summer ltrs/seg offers an average of 18,66. In winter ltrs/seg offers an average of 39,00
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    Diagnóstico y caracterización botánica de plantas medicinales en la zona agroecológica de Río Verde, cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
    (Unievrsidad Estatal de Bolívar. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2008) Carvajal Apunte, Jesús Rebeca; Monar Gavilanez, Nelson Arturo
    This research was conducted in Rio Verde Campus Echeandía belonging to Canton, Bolivar Province, Ecuador. PRE has a very humid montane forest (bmhPM). With rainfall of 2500-3000 mm. With a water deficit less than 250mm., Drought in July and December, January and March rains, strong sun August, January and February wind. The objectives were: • Diagnose and botanical characterization of medicinal plants in the agro-ecological zone of Rio Verde. • Characterize morphologically to each of the relevant medicinal plants in the area. • Develop a botanical inventory of existing relevant medicinal plants in the area. To collect this information, a questionnaire with clear and easily understood questions aimed at 50 local families, after obtaining the diagnosis of medicinal plants sector, in the laboratory was characterized morphologically using the stereo microscope was applied organs was observed vegetative; type of inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed and flower shape of each of the samples obtained in the field. A description of farmers was conducted in relation to the gender of the household head, identification, knowledge, existence, amount, sites and use of medicinal plants in the study area. And diagnosis and morphological characterization of medicinal plants that dominate the sector Rio Verde. Existing and prevailing in the medicinal species are found in the wild and / or cultivated, taken into account the ten relevant plants that characterization was performed more frequently use guabiduca, basil, guava, lemon grass, grass good, plantain, mastrante, mint, lemon balm and verbena, because they are wild medicinal plants that provide multiple uses. The genre of farmers / as in the sector. 44% women who know of existing plants within the estate, 40% men. And some 16%, as the case of grandparents brothers guys are acting as head of household in the absence of a parent. 38% of the families surveyed have planted herbs in their gardens around their homes, in order to have greater access to them and 12% have not sown, meaning that most people retain this resource. 100% of the families living in the area known existing medicinal plants. The consumption of most plants is in infusion, juices and extracts is the so fewer farmers consume medicinal plants. 100% of inhabitants indicate that some species of medicinal plants that previously existed are disappearing. Most notable was the interest of the peasants-as conserve medicinal plants in their gardens, fences or around their homes, so to access them more easily when they need it. Give them the benefit these families medicinal species of this sector are purely curative, to relieve stomach pains, fever, shock, infections, inflammations, cramps ghosts prepared extracts, plasters and clean.