Evaluación de la aplicación de la estrategia AIEPI en relación al tratamiento en el hogar de las infecciones respiratorias agudas (neumonías leves) niños menores de 5 años que acuden al Centro de Salud Gonzalo Cordero Crespo en el periodo de noviembre del 2010 a marzo del 2011.

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are a complex group of causative agents caused by various diseases any point airway, recognized as a scourge that affects undesirable effects on the health, without obvious preference for sex and more often in certain age groups. In children these infections occur more frequently, especially in the early life, due to certain factors anatomical type; bound to immaturity or failures in the defense mechanisms of local and humoral Numerous other factors of demographic, environmental, food risk and behavior are crucial to make the IRA a problem health resort. The pathogens most frequently attack the system respiratory syncytial virus are respiratory and Haemophilus influenza parainfluenza, appearing in epidemic during the months of invierno1. ARI stand out as a major health problem, both for its high frequency and the difficulties of their control, the impact on child mortality and significant consumption of resources involved 5, the disease can also present with or without complications which may sequelae affecting quality of life of people Morbidity of diseases in children under five years has always been concern for public health. For decades it has been worked to decrease the infant mortality rate boosting shares health and control of diarrheal diseases and immunization among others. The impact of these actions is widely known, therefore, in the world are avoided every day thousands of deaths from these causes. Acute respiratory infections are responsible for the death of about 4 million children a year, mostly in developing countries as They are Asia, Africa and America America.

The pneumonia It is responsible deaproximadamente 85% of all deaths IRA, but also contribute this mortality bronchiolitis, croup and respiratory tract complications higher. The common cold is an acute viral disease, limited car character benign, transmissible also called "common cold", "cold", "rinofaringitis" or "nasopharyngitis", although in some cases these terms are inappropriate It does not always assume the common cold pharynx; misnamed "flu" It constitutes 50% of the infections of the upper airways represents 23 million working days lost in the United States and five billion dollar cost per year. Extrapolating these data, in Colombia represents 20 million working days lost per year and 26 million days truancy Acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis as a single entity is one of the diseases most commonly seen by general practitioners and pediatricians in consultation. It is an inflammation of mucous and submucosal structures of the throat. The pharynx is the common cavity of the respiratory and digestive tracts. It consists of the nasopharynx, tonsil pharyngeal containing (Adenoids) in its rear wall; tubal tonsils, behind the hole auditory tube; the oropharynx, which contains the palatine tonsils in turn floor and in the back third of the tongue, the lingual tonsils coming to constitute the Waldeyer ring tonsils Some authors include in their considerations about the "ring" lymphoid relatively minor elements such as "pharyngeal bands side "," pharyngeal granulation "and lymphoid tissue of the soft palate and laryngeal ventricle These structures have an increased predisposition to inflammation and infection by its abundant content of lymphoid tissue and also a special feature in childhood as organ growth and its role immune. As for its growth pattern, between the ages of four to XI10 years, reaches its maximum size, which is important to be clear in pediatrics and not consider a large tonsils or adenoid tissue grown as a pathological growth to justify treatment with antibiotics or conduct surgical. As your immune role at this level ARF occurs secretory reacting to infections and allergic attacks to afford enlargement that does not require such treatment Acute otitis media is one of the most common causes of pediatric consultation. Teel and colleagues reported that 62% of one year olds have had at least one episode; this percentage rose to 83% at the age of three years and seven years every child had an episode of acute otitis In a review of 17,000 visits during the first year of life, otitis media diagnosis was acute in 1/3 of the cases consulted by disease and 1/5 of total health checks. Children have about six to eight infectious processes annually respiratory tract. These processes are one of the problems more frequent general pediatrics, representing over half of consultations a pediatrician. The lower respiratory tract infections, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most of these episodes are pneumonic type and frequency It is highest during the first year of life with a gradual decrease after this initial frequency peak. The mortality rate for pneumonia is significant in infants and children five (2% to 7%). It is estimated that over four million children die annually by this condition. Risk factors for morbidity and pneumonia mortality include age, low birth weight, high degree of malnutrition, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding, no breastfeeding, immunizations incomplete and culture cigarette