Evaluación de la aplicación del programa “Tamizaje Neonatal” relacionado con la técnica y procedimiento desarrollados por parte del personal de enfermería en el área de salud 05d01, de la cuidad de Latacunga, provincia Cotopaxi durante el periodo de Noviembre del 2013 a julio del 2014

Abstract

The history of screening of newborns to identify serious errors metabolism start with ideas Garrol in 1902 who indicated the possibility of inheritance of specific chemical defects in metabolism. Phenylketonuria, abnormality described in 1934, was the first disease to be sought to identify as early childhood, initially through screening using urine ferric chloride. In 1961 Dr. Robert Guthrie developed the screening test by collecting drops of blood on filter paper detecting phenylketonuria, its employment was immediately applied neonatal screening test in the United States of North America that year. Also, since 1964 they have methods for mass screening of newborns for galactosemia. It is not, however, until 1973 that Canada created the first screening program congenital hypothyroidism, following the United States in 1975. Currently, worldwide, Neonatal screening programs exist for diseases such as hypothyroidism Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, phenylketonuria, galactosemia and others. Countries they handle most comprehensive programs are: Japan, Germany, Cuba, Costa Rica, Mexico and Canada mainly. In Ecuador the National Neonatal Screening Program "With Pie law, Footprint Future ", promoted by the Vice-President and implemented by the Ministry of Public Health was inaugurated by the Second President, Lenin Moreno, 2 December 2011, it has since been held in all health units making samples for newborn screening between the fourth and twenty-eighth day of life, four errors of metabolism, causing mental disability and early death (Phenylketonuria, galactosemia, adrenal hyperplasia, congenital hypothyroidism) Moreover, ensuring the treatment and monitoring of cases testing positive for half of the professionals in the area according to the detected condition to reach immediate help to the child. In the province of Cotopaxi in the area 05 corresponding to 01 by district National Neonatal Screening Program, the infants presenting with different units contained in the first level of health care as are the centers and 10 sub-health: Health Center Latacunga, Colatoa, Lasso, Loma Grande, Belisario Quevedo, San Buenaventura, yadda, the Pampas, Mulaló, Palo Quemado, José Guango Alto, José Guango Bajo, performing sampling to observe the detection timely these diseases, being the nurses appointed to the sampling. This work consists of 7 chapters which are presented as follows: In chapter I talk about history and description of the area 05d01. In Chapter II we talked about neonatal screening, history worldwide level Ecuador, at the level of the province of Cotopaxi. In Chapter III we have the legal framework under Ecuador's legal system, we speak about the ministry of public health, national neonatal screening program, screening neonatal concepts, approaches, objectives, importance, detected diseases by neonatal screening in Ecuador: galactosemia, phenylketonuria, adrenal hyperplasia, congenital hypothyroidism. Chapter IV talked about technical and nursing procedure, responsible, Foundation, technique and procedure for the sampling of neonatal screening, patient identification: collection card, instructions for sampling, Blood sampling heel, identification and traceability of samples, conditions environmental health units, making quality sample handling and preservation of samples, sample transport, sending samples, summary procedure for obtaining sample heel PKU values ​​T4 and TSH galactose interpretation of results In Chapter V we present the study design, type of study, universe, techniques data collection, research tools, technical processing and analysis the information. Chapter VI talked about the analysis and presentation of results, check assumptions, conclusions, recommendations, references. In Chapter VII we present the proposal and annexes.