Browsing by Author "Fierro, Sonia"

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Caracterización morfológica e inventario de los árboles y arbustos existentes en el bosque nativo de yagual en el sector Tundapamba, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Constante Alvarez, Diana Vanessa; Fierro, Sonia
Forests are one of the most valuable ecosystems in the world. The Native Forest Elementary, is one that maintains its original structure. Yagual forests are vital resources for the conservation of biodiversity and hydrological functions. In the province of Bolivar and exclusively in the canton Guaranda no current statistical records of the amount of native forests still exist. An inventory and characterization allows to know the variation of the forest in different strata or ecosystems. Through this research is to contribute to an information base silvocultural of different species existing native forest and shrub in this forest. The objectives in this research were: Identify tree and shrub species present in the stand of Yagual. To determine the morphological characteristics that present each of the species. Conduct a study of forest species Dasonométrico. This research was conducted in the field of Tundapamba, belonging to the canton Chimborazo, Bolivar Province, formed three layers of a dimension of 20 m x 60 m each. The main findings are: When making an inventory of the trees and shrubs that make up the native forest stands of yagual, identified 5 species of trees, in which stands the Polylepis hirsuta (paper tree), and 22 species of shrubs among which Baccharis latifodia (white ragwort). The average total height of tree species in the stand under study was 5.2 m, with the largest species Polylepis hirsuta height with 5.1 m. The variable average total height of shrubs was 1.8 m, was epitomized by the species Polylepis sp with 3.3 m. The highest average of the variable stem diameter and basal area showed the same tree species Eugenia sp with 18.7 cm and 2.9 cm 2 in their respective order. The largest stem diameter at the shrub species recorded Myrcine sp with 16.2 cm sp. The largest relative density stands shrub species presented him with an index of 2.1, versus only tree species present a value of 1.6. The most representative plant species found in stands that had medicinal properties were Arrayán, pumin, grind, matico, and caglán
Desarrollo de prácticas agroecológicas para la conservación de los suelos, en las parroquias San Lorenzo, provincia Bolívar.
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2015-07-30) Monar Gavilánez, Nelson Arturo; Gaibor Chávez, Juan; Yánez, Rodrigo; Fierro, Sonia
La agricultura es el renglón importante de la realidad socioeconómica de la comunidad de San Lorenzo la provincia Bolívar, de cuya explotación vive aproximadamente el 90% de la población, donde el suelo es el recurso natural mas importante y quizás el menos investigado.
Diagnóstico de la revalorización de saberes locales en el uso del suelo y manejo del recurso hídrico de las cinco comunidades indígenas de la microcuenca del río Chimborazo – parroquia San Juan, provincia de Chimborazo durante el período 2009 - 2010
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2010) Naranjo Estrella, María Teresa; Silva Jara, Amada Del Rocío; Fierro, Sonia
He/she was carried out the "DIAGNOSTIC OF THE REVALUATION OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE USE OF THE FLOOR AND HANDLING OF THE RESOURCE HÍDRICO OF THE FIVE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF THE MICROCUENCA OF THE RIVER CHIMBORAZO - PARISH SAN JUAN, COUNTY DE CHIMBORAZO DURING THE PERIOD 2009 - 2010." The Andean ancestral culture has been classified as agrocentrica, which has gone losing centralidad from the Spanish conquest and then with the Green Revolution, however the Andean communities go recreating in way vivencial their knowledge and wisdom that at the present time is of valuable importance for the development of the local communities, for it the necessity to revalue its culture. The objectives that thought about were: i) to Identify the local knowledge on theuse of the floor and handling of the resource hídrico, in the five communities to revalue their cultures. ii) to Determine the knowledge on the use of the floor and water that can be applied to maintain the ancestral culture and to avoid the migration. iii) to Document and to socialize with the communities and the institutional actors of the Microcuenca the systematized ancestral knowledge. A statistical design was applied using the technique of the proportional stratified sampling with which you identifies the size of the sample of the five communities obtaining 145 elements you show them, with 7 error% and the systematic sampling was also applied or in series, for the identification of the elements by means of a distribution coefficient. Obtained outstanding results: You identifies inside the handling of seeds their selection way and preparation, these activities are developed mainly in the tubers: Pope, goose, melloco and mashua whose key ingredient to carry out these two activities is the straw ash and mark, native plants of the area. The conservation of the floor by means of the rotation and association of cultivations search to maintain and to recover the fertility of the floor with abonadura of semovientes manure through the technique of the corraleo or talanquera. The women comment that previously they recognized a fertile floor for the presence of the apungura or tarantula, the toad, the nettle and worms; today these knowledge are relegated, since many of these animalitos are next to extinguish for the indiscriminate use of agrotóxicos. Systems of ancestral watering as they are in furrows, serpentine or canterones, pishku chaki that uses them to him until our days for the cultivations and grass. The consumption water transported it in wooden barrels, pondos of mud to the house, already in the storage place they used the thorn, nettle, a cloth, technical of purification and cleaning of the consumption water. Very important in the handling of cultivations the preparation of the floor with hoe and yoke of oxen, avoiding the compactación of the floor, at the present time they are very few people that use this plow technique with yoke of oxen, are more frequent the use of the heavy machinery (tractor). Our ancestros knew the agricultural calendar very well, in the he/she showed precise times for the siembra, deshierba, aporque and it harvests. In potato's cultivations, goose, melloco and mashua were used indicators to know in state of maturation of the tubers inside those that stand out observing to the plant of yellow color, carrying out the crop then. After the crop he/she stayed the seed in the chaquihuasi, in heap or heap and in straw nests. Another practice is the conservation of the seeds of the grains and cereals with hill straw in pondos, fists, ceramic pondillos, these seeds conserved for more than one year and when using them they almost emerged 99%. Our ancestros wise men, conversed with the cosmos, the sun, the rain, the pachamama, for that vision and interest was able to interpret different symbols of the nature to be able to carry out very reliable agricultural works, today in day these symbols are almost unknown for the youths, most migran to other cities for work and study, in spite of it these knowledge and knowledge stay at the present time in the memory of the included comuneros some of them it continues them to him applying like a way to conserve its cosmovisión "man and nature like an everything
Diseño e implementación de los sistemas de producción sostenible en fincas modelos de las micro cuencas del río Cristal y el Salto en la provincia de Bolívar-Ecuador.
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2015-07-30) Monar Gavilánez, Nelson Arturo; Fierro, Sonia; González, Martha; Chávez Coloma, Laura Beatriz
La provincia Bolívar, cuenta con una variedad de pisos climáticos que va desde el tropical, tropical húmedo, subtropical, templado seco, templado húmedo, frio seco, frio húmedo y glacial en los nevados.
Efectos de tres métodos pregerminativos y tres sustratos en la propagación de melina (Gmelina arborea roxb.) en el recinto Sabanetillas, cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Muñoz Rendón, Mariano Lauriano; Vera Rendón, Wilson Alfredo; Fierro, Sonia
At world level the ecology is affected by the constant deforestation of the surface terrestrial year to year the arboreal masses they have come diminishing in some American countries Center and Tercermundista for the indiscriminate pruning of the forests, originating desertization processes and degradations of the floors; situation that worries the governments that are taking stocks tenements to the processes of preservation of the forests. The Melina (Gmelina arboreal Roxb) it is a forest species of quick growth and that he/she offers wide possibilities for the development of the reforestation One of the factors that subtract the productivity of this species it is the first floor percentage of germinative of the seed, being necessary to evaluate different methods pregerminativos and types of bases in the nursery stage. This investigation was carried out the experimental farm of the Agricultural Technical College "Sabanetillas”, of the Sabanetillas in the Main Parish of Echeandía to an altitude of 620 mls with a temperature average of 25 oC and an annual precipitation of 1400 mm The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: i) Determine which is the method more appropriate pregerminativo in their propagation. ii) Evaluate the best basis type to obtain the development of the plant. iii) The economic analysis of the partial budget and marginal rate of return. A Design of Complete Blocks was used at random in factorial arrangement 3x3+1 with three repetitions. The Factor A it corresponded to 3 Methods pregerminativos: A1: Scarification of the seed with nitric acid; A2: Treatment with hot water for three minutes and A3: I soak in cold water for 48 hours. The Factor B was 3 types of Bases: B1: 75% of vegetable garden earth more 25% of sand; B2: 75% of vegetable garden earth more 25% of pulp of coffee and B3: % of vegetable garden earth more 25% of sand and 25% of pulp of coffee. Ten treatments were had. Variance analysis was made, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and regression and budget economic analysis partially and TMR%. 145 The most outstanding results obtained in this investigation were: In the interaction of factors methods pregerminativos for types of bases, the effective treatments were the T7: A3B1 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 75% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand) and T9: A3B3 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 50% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand + 25% of pulp of coffee) with 96% of survival of Melina plants to the 90 days. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a percentage of survival of more vigorous Melina plants to the 90 days were: brotación percentage; height of plants to the 60 days; diameter of the shaft to the 60 and 90 days; number of leaves to the 60 and 90 days; wide of the leaf to the 60 days; longitude of the petiole to the 60 days and root volume in cm3. In function of the budget economic analysis the treatment with the best net profit was the T7 partially: A3B1 (Seed in soaking with cold water for 48 hours more basis 75% of vegetable garden earth + 25% of sand) with $. 16,17 and a TMR of 105%. This investigation to contribute to improve the propagation of Melina plants with an effectiveness average of 85%
Estudio del impacto agroforestal a los moradores asentados en los márgenes de la vía en mejoramiento Guanujo - Echeandía
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Chávez Coloma, Laura Beatríz; Landín Chávez, Dely Marianela; Fierro, Sonia
In the Ecuador due to the populational increase is necessary the opening and improvement of highways, which cause big damages agroforestales; this happens when they are not carried out the studies of feasibility in the construction of the roads. The present study looked for to know the grade of damage agroforestal caused by the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which we can appreciate that the damage agroforestal is not very significant. The objectives that thought about in this investigation were: To determine the main factors the residents' of the margins of the road Agroforestales in improvement Guanujo - Echeandía. To analyze the obtained information based on the surveys. This study was carried out in the margins of the road Guanujo - Echeandía, in which was carried out the surveys to the residents of this area, using the stratified sampling. To gather the information he/she was carried out the survey directly to the house residents at home in the sectors of: Guanujo, Chalungoto, Atandahua, Candiushi, Cochapamba, The Glass, Tambo Real,Illuví, Capilluco, Palm Hill, Mulayaco, Lemon, The Dinner, The Painful one, Puruhuay, Shirahuan, Pitiambi, The Houses and San Vicente. The identification of the area was by means of a map satelital of the area in study provided by the Association Caminosca - Thesa, responsible for the studies of the road, in which was determined the sectors of this investigation. The survey was semi structured on the base of open and closed questions using a clear and comprehensible language. For the analysis of the study the statistical program SPSS was used. In this study you concluded the following: The lands of the residents are down in a great majority, reason why a minimum part is leased; these lands also have an irregular topography. In what refers to the land loss for amplification one has that in the stratum 1 80% of those interviewed lost 736 m2; in the stratum 2 93% of those interviewed lost 75 872 m2 and in the stratum 3 74% of those interviewed lost 820 m2; therefore we have that the stratum more you affect for the improvement vial it is the stratum 2. The residents of the Stratum 1, they possess the following cultivations: Pope and cereals (corn, barley, wheat), among the grasses we have: kikuyo, trenches and medic, of forest species is: Pines, Cypress, Eucalyptuses and Fences of Milkman and Tiupitian; in the Stratum 2 the cultivations prevail of: it lives and corn, the grasses that stand out are: Kikuyo and Elephant, of species forest Pines, Eucalyptuses, Fences of Chilca and Platuquero; and finally in the Stratum 3 the cultivations of more production are: Guinean, orange, sugar cane and banana, among the most excellent grasses are: Elephant, Saboya and Brachiaria, and of the forest species that possess they are: Fernán Sánchez, Platuquero, Motilón and Fences of Plum tree, Maté, Patevaca. Along the highway in study the following cultivations were affected mainly: it lives and cane; among the affected grasses we have: the kikuyo; and lastly the affected forest species are the following ones: Fences of Chilca, Tiupitian, Platuqueros, Milkmen, Plum trees, Matés and Patevaca. According to the residents of this sector diminished largely the forest production for the indiscriminate pruning of the trees. In the first Stratum of it determined that if it changed the texture of the floors because you mescla the stony materials with the arable earth; and in the Strata 2 and 3 they agree that it won't change the texture of the floors, because their lands are more inside the road. In the total itinerary of this via it has been determined that 42.13% of affectation exists in the resources floor and it dilutes. Finally in this investigation was demonstrated that in the improvement of the road Guanujo - Echeandía bigger destruction agroforestal doesn't exist in the margins of the same one
Evaluación agronómica de plántulas de yagual (Polylepis Incana) propagadas por estacas, utilizando tres tipos de sustratos y dos tipos de enraizadores en Laguacoto I, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Chimborazo Gómez, Mercy Alexandra; Fierro, Sonia
This test of yagual asexual stake Propagation (Polylepis incana) using three types of substrate and two types of hormones it was made in the province Bolivar, Veintimilla parish, sector Laguacoto I of the State University of Bolivar” was made it being based on the method of the observation, allowing to have one greater vision of the handling and production of the stakes of yagual, being able to obtain results real. In last times deforestation has be one of the factors main it stops that forests natural be disappearing quickly, mainly the native species like the yagual; for that reason one looks for to find the form simplest of reproduction by means of use of substrates and hormones. The present investigation it is justified because when evaluating the process of yagual asexual stake multiplication , using substrates and hormones. The objectives raised in this investigation were: To determine the morphologic characteristics that they present/display plántulas of yagual in each one of the treatments. To establish the type of substrate and the hormone more adapted for the propagation of this plant. To make an economic analysis Relation Benefit Cost B/C. A design was used Design of Complete Blocks at random (DBCA) in factorial adjustment 3 x2 + 1 with 3 Repetitions. The factor To corresponded to three types of substrates: A1: Black earth 75% + Sand 25%; A2: Black earth 75% + Humus 25%; A3: Black earth 50% + Humus 25% + Sand 25%. Factor B was two types of hormones: B1: Rootmost; B2: raizal 400. Seven treatments were had. They were made Test of Tukey to 5% to compare averages of treatments and factor To, Analysis of main effect stops factor B, Analysis of correlation and simple regression, Analysis of the relation benefit/ cost (B/C). The variables in study were: days to the brotación of the stake, percentage of prendimiento to the 90 days, I number of buds by stake to the 90 days, height of the bud, diameter of the bud of the stem, length of pecíolo of the leaf, number of leaves, length of the leaves, wide of the 150 leaf to 90 and and volume by root to the 150 days. The main results were: The substrate with the greater percentage of prendimiento of plántulas of yagual to the 90 days went A1: A1: Black earth 75%+ Sand 25% con 99.17%. The hormone with the greater percentage of prendimiento of stakes of yagual to the 90 days was Rootmost with a 92.56%. The treatment (Types of substrates by types of hormones), with the percentage of prendimiento upper of stakes of yagual to the 90 days was: T1: A1B1 (Earth negra75% + sand 25% + Rootmost) with 99.25%. The independent variables that contributed to a greater percentage of prendimiento of plántulas of yagual to the 90 days were: Height of the bud; Diameter of the bud of the stem; Number of leaves a; Length of the leaf; Wide of the leaf to the 90 and 150 days and volume by root to the 150 days. Economically the treatment with the net benefit upper was the T1: A1B1 (Black Earth (75%) + Sand (25%) + Rootmost (20cc/l of water), with $ 2, 14 of RB/C and a value of RI/C of $. 1,13. Finally this study contributed to determine that the asexual propagation of the yagual by means of stakes, is more efficient in time, with 90 days less in relation to the a sexual propagation, which makes the activity more competitive of the nurseryman
Evaluación agronómica de plántulas de neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss), en vivero utilizando cuatro tipos de sustratos y tres dosis de root most en el cantón Echeandia, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agroforestal, 2012) Ledesma Ledesma, Carlos Hernán; Ledesma Ledesma, Willian Isidoro; Fierro, Sonia
The tree of the Neem (Azadirachta indicates A. Juss), has outstanding potential importance, by virtue of its very distinctive characteristics, which are recognized in the scientific world of occident, and grateful its millennial use in the cultures of the old world. This investigation was carried out in the place San Eduardo, Canton Echeandía, province Bolívar. The outlined objectives were i) Determine which of the four basis types it is the best for the propagation of the Neem. ii) Identify which of the three doses of Root Most is the appropriate one for the development of the plants of Neem in the stage of the nursery. iii) Carry out the economic analysis of benefit cost (B/C). A design of Complete Blocks was used at random in arrangement factorial 4x3+1x3 repetitions. The factor A corresponded to four types of bases: A1: Earth of guabo 50% + Earth of place 40% + sand 10%; A2: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 50% + sand 10%; A3: Earth of guabo 30% + Earth of place 50% + sand 20% and A4: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20%. The factor B was three doses of Root Most: B1: 2 cc/litro of water; B2: 4 cc/liter of water and B3: 6 cc/liter of water. Twelve treatments and a witness were had. They were carried out chemical analysis of bases, variance, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and lineal regression, relations benefit-cost B/C. The main results were: The basis with the biggest percentage in survival of plants of Neem to the 90 days was A4: Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20% with 98%. The dose of Root Most with the bigger than plant survival was the B2: 4 cc / liter of water with 97%. The treatment with the best survival was: T 12: A4B3 (Earth of guabo 40% + Earth of place 40% + sand 20% + 6cc/l of water) with 99%. The variables that increased the survival of plants were: percentage of apprehension of plants; plant height to the 30,60 and 90 days; shaft diameter to the 30 and 60 days; number of leaves and foliose to the 90 days; rachis longitude to the 60 and 90 days; rachis diameter to the 30 days; long and volume of the root to the 90 days. The best relationship benefit-cost was given in T2: A1B2 (Earth of 116 guabo 50% + Earth of place 40% + sand 10% + 4cc/l of water) with a value of 4,62
Evaluación agronómica del cultivo de apio (Apium Graveolens L.) a la aplicación foliar de tres bioestimulantes en tres dosis, En Tumbaco provincia Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Guamán Simbaña, Juan Marcelo; Fierro, Sonia
In the agricultural field you continues making limitless use of chemical fertilizers some of high toxicity grade that you/they contaminate the underground water of the floors and to the environment, fortunately organizations that worry about looking for alternatives to change the cultivation form using native substances or cocktails exist. The alternatives are varied one of them it is to use Basfoliar algae to contribute nutritious to the cultivations. In the parish of Tumbaco he/she decided to prove this product in dose of 2 ml - 2.5 ml - 3 ml/litro in frequency of 15 days. For this study they thought about the following objectives: To determine which of the three organic bioestimulantes it influences in the production of the celery cultivation. To settle down which of the three doses of organic bioestimulante it is the best for the improvement of the production of the celery. To carry out the economic analysis with the relationship Beneficio/Costo. The variables that you analyzes apprehension percentage, plant height at the 30, 60, 90 days, Incidence and Severity of Attack of Plagues, Incidence and severity of the attack of illnesses, Days to the crop, Number of useful plants, Number of leaves for plant, Longitude of the leaf, Weight average of the plant, Yield. The materials that were used in the investigation were: plántulas of celery variety Triump, you uses a Design of Complete Blocks at random (DBCA) with a factorial arrangement 3 x 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions. Of the obtained results, the best treatment is the best interaction it was A1B3 (Basfoliar Algae, high dose) that received 3ml/litro every 15 days. The use of the vegetable bioestimulante of natural origin starting from marine algae. It contains: Minerals, Carbohydrates, Fitohormonas. Amino acids and perfectly balanced Vitamins. It acts stimulating the metabolism of the plant and it balances their physiologic functions at level of the cell in an integral way, developing their productive potential in front of the climatic stress, and to the attack of plagues and illnesses. This effect is reflected in a good growth vegetative, appropriate development of the system radicular, shafts vigorous, good floración and fructification. 108 These results allow us to affirm that the biggest applied dose has the necessary concentrations especially in their breakups the Nitrogen; since in good levels it promotes the quick growth that which is affirmed with the height of the plant; and it increases the size of the leaves, the nitrogen it intervenes to all the parameters that contribute to the yield and it is closely related with the rate fotosintética and production of the cultivation
Evaluación agronómica y productiva de dos variedades de apio (Apium graveolens) con tres tipos de abono orgánico en la parroquia de Pifo, provincia de Pichincha
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2015) Enríquez, Pepe Jesús; Fierro, Sonia
The celery besides contributing to the population's feeding, their contribution is recognized with such estates as: a great variety of nutrients that you/they include vitamins, minerals, fibers, laxatives, slimming estates and other active biological principles. The organic payment plays a very important paper in the establishment of cultivation; its effect is reflected from the nurseries obtaining healthy plants and with good productions to the moment of the crop. This investigation was carried out in the place Chaupimolino, parish Pifo, canton Removes, county of Pichincha, to an altitude of 2550 msnm. The outlined objectives were: a) Evaluate agronomic and productively two celery varieties with three types of organic payment. b) Determine the main ones characteristic agronomic that presents the celery in each one of the treatments. c) Evaluate the productivity of the celery in each one of the types of organic payments. d) Carry out an economic analysis relationship benefit - cost (B/C). A design of Complete Blocks was used at random (DBCA) in factorial arrangement 2x3. The factor A it corresponded to two celery varieties: A1: Triumph and A2: Premio (Bejo). The factor B was three types of organic payment: B1: Gallinaza 12 Tm/ha; B2: Humus 12 Tm/ha and B3: Compost 12 Tm/ha. Six treatments were had with three repetitions. They were carried variance analysis, main effect for Factor A: Celery varieties, test of Tukey for factor B: Types of organic payment and interactions AxB. Correlation analysis and economic of the relation Benefice/Cost. The most outstanding results were: The variety A1: Triumph reached the highest yield with 79348 Kg./ha. What meant an increment of the yield of 11.233 Kg/ha more in comparison to Premio (Bejo). The type of more efficient organic payment was that of gallinaza that reached a yield average of 77.317 Kg./ha. The treatment with the yield higher average was the T2: Triumph + humus 12 Tm/ha with 85.084 Kg/ha; and T4: Premio (Bejo) + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha with 80.304 Kg/ha. The independent variables that contributed to increase the celery yield were: days to the crop, volume of the root in cm3, weight of the plant in Kg. While the one that diminished the yield of valued celery in Kg/ha the stain incidence to foliate. Economically the technological alternative with the highest net profit in function only of the costs that varied they were the treatments T4: Premio (Bejo) + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha, with a cost of production of $. 15.054,72/ha with a $. 13.854,72 and a relation benefice/cost of 1,92, and, T1: Triumph + gallinaza 12 Tm/ha that registered a cost of $. 13.979,22 with a beneficent one net of $. 12.779,22 and a RB/C 1,91 and a RI/C 0,91. With this investigation improved the production and productivity from the celery when validating two varieties and three types of appropriate organic payment for this area agroecológica
Evaluación agronómica y productiva de seis híbridos de brócoli (Brassica Oleracea L.) en la parroquia Belisario Quevedo, cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Carrera Guaña, Luis Javier; Fierro, Sonia
The province Cotopaxi of more yiel, it produced 23,5 TM/Ha contrasting with the rest of counties that have less of 10 TM/Ha. In crops tecnifiquet they produce 25 TM/Ha, considering topics watering, type seeds hybrid. The investigation realized in the place Belisario Quevedo, Cantón Latacunga, County of Cotopaxi located to Latitude S, 0o54'48" Longitude W, 78o36'56" to 3400 m.s.n.m. in the period between February and June of the 2011. The objectives about in the present investigation were the following: To evaluate agronomic and productively six hybrid of broccoli. To determine the components of more productions of six hybrid of broccoli. Make an economic analysis C/B. Was a design of complete blocks completely at random (D.B.C.A.) with 6 treatments and three repetitions and realized variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%, correlation analysis and simple regression, does economic analysis benefit cost (B/C). The variables in study were; percentage of prendimient of plants, number of leaves for plant to the 45 days and in the harvest, plant height to the 45 days in the harvest, stem diameter to the 45 days and in the harvest, days the formation of the pellet, days to the harvest, diameter of the pellet, weight of the pellet, weight in Kg/p, yield for hectare, determination of plagues, percentage of incidence of plagues and diseases. The independent variables that contributed to increase of yield/of broccoli crop are. The weigh of the pellet and weight in Kg./p, diameter of the pellet. Finally this study allowed to validate the different hybrids in this place with the purpose of transfer and compare the results that they registered in this investigation how new cultivation alternative
Evaluación agronómica y productiva de siete híbridos de coliflor (Brassica Oleracea) en la comunidad Quivillungo, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Avilés Pachala, Mirian Leonor; Fierro, Sonia
The investigation realized in the place Veintimilla,, Canton Guaranda, county of Bolivar located to latitude S, 010 36 '52 " Longitude W, 780 59' 54" to 2622 m in the period between January and April of the 2014. The objectives about in the present investigation were the following: To evaluate agronomic and productive seven hybrid of cauliflower. Select the best hybrid cauliflower for this zone agro- ecological. Make an economic analysis. B / C. Was a design of complete blocks completely at random (DBCA) with 7 treatments and three repetitions and realized variance analysis, test of Tukey to 5%,correlation was performed to compare the means of the treatments, correlation analysis and simple regression, does economic analysis benefit/cost (B / C).The variables in study were: percentage of prendimient of plants, seedlings, plant height to the 45 days and harvest, number of leaves for plant, days the formation of the corymbs, incidence of plagues and diseases, length of the leaves to the 45 days and harvest, leaf width to the 45 days and harvest, days to the harvest, weight of corymbs for plot. The independent variables that contributed to increase the weight of curds were: Number of leaves for plant at 45 days and harvest, leaves width at 45 days and harvest, plant height and height corymbs harvest. Finally, this study allowed to validate the different hybrids in this place with the purpose of transfer and compare the results that they registered in this investigation how new cultivation alternative
Evaluación agronómica y productiva del cultivo de café (Coffea arábica) bajo tres sistemas agroforestales más la aplicación de un fertilizante foliar orgánico, en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, 2015) Ortega Hinojosa, Leidi Jajaira; Fierro, Sonia
Los árboles forestales juegan papel importante en el campo; su ausencia puede ser la causa directa o indirecta de problemas; las interacciones entre especies y el cultivo de base, son reguladas por el ambiente mediante el principio de “respuesta y efecto”, el cual establece que la planta y su ambiente se modifique uno al otro. Esta investigación se realizó en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar, los objetivos fueron: a) Evaluar agronómica y productivamente el cultivo de café bajo tres sistemas agroforestales más la aplicación de un fertilizante foliar orgánico; b) Determinar las características morfológicas que desarrolla el cultivo de café en cada uno de los sistemas agroforestales; c) Realizar un análisis económico relación beneficio–costo B/C. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 3 tratamiento y 5 repeticiones, los tratamientos fueron T: sistema café + guabo + 500 cc/ha de seamino; T: sistema café + pachaco + 500 cc/ha de seamino y T : sistema café + Fernán Sánchez + 500 cc/ha de seamino. Se realizó análisis de varianza, prueba de tukey al 5%; correlación y regresión lineal; análisis económico de beneficio costo. Los resultados más importantes sintetizados en esta investigación fueron: No se encontró diferencias significativas en los componentes del rendimiento de café al inicio de la investigación. Se determinaron diferencias estadísticas significativas solo en las variables número de ramas/planta, longitud y ancho de la hoja en la cosecha. El sistema de café pachaco+ 500 cc/ha de seamino (T), alcanzó el mayor rendimiento de cerezas con 13.312,80 Kg./ha; el menor rendimiento se dio en el T(Sistema café + Fernán Sánchez + 500 cc/ha de Seamino) con 11.687,40 Kg. /ha. El incrementó el rendimiento de café fue a un mayor número de ramas/planta a la cosecha. El mejor beneficio neto se registró en el T con $. 4.236,80/ha y una RB/C de 5,10; y una RI/C de 4,10. La relación B/C e I/C menor se dio el T con 4,64 y 3,64 respectivamente
Evaluación de la calidad de plantas de yagual (Polylepis incana) mediante la propagación asexual con dos enraizadores químicos y tres tipos de sustratos en la Moya, cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2014) Meléndez González, Jairo Rafael; Naranjo Alarcón, Iván Alexander; Fierro, Sonia
The Polylepis has about 20 species of shrubs and trees of small and medium size, restricted to the high Andes. In the province of Bolivar there are about 5 species of Polylepis, occupying an area of approximately 42 hectares. Asexual reproduction is of great importance in native species, since this time nursery seedling production is decreased and this method also allows us to preserve intact genetic characteristics of their parents and adaptation to the environment. Among the serious problems facing forests of this genus. The objectives in this research were: to compare the efficiency of each of the chemicals enraizadores in the vegetative propagation of the species Polylepis. Set the substrate to provide the highest quality plant Polylepis. Assessing the quality of plants in each of the treatments. Perform economic analysis benefit cost ratio (B / C) the best treatment. This research was conducted in the village of Moya, Guaranda Canton province Bolivar, a design randomized complete block design was used, the main results: There was a highly significant effect of the substrates on the survival rate at 120 days; being the best alternative A1: Arena 25% + 25% + Earth Smoke 50% for asexual reproduction of Polylepis. The hormone with the highest percentage of plant survival at 120 days was 51.2% Raizplant well be that a main effect of 9.9% compared to the hormone Rootmost was obtained. The asexual propagation system more efficient Polylepis reflected in the higher percentage of survival was the cuttings (C2) with a 52.9%, which represented an increase in survival of 13.4% compared to the system of cuttings. In the interaction of factors AxB, the highest percentage of plant survival was evaluated in the T6: A2B1C2 (Arena 30% + 30% + Smoke Earth in 40% + Raizplant Stakes) and T2: A1B1C2 (25% + smoke Arena 25 % + 50% + Raizplant Earth in stakes) with 65.1%. The independent variables that contributed to obtain a greater percentage of plant survival at 120 days were: percentage of surviving, plant height at 120 days; bud length at 60 and 120 days, number, length and width of leaves at 60 and 120 days; volume and root length. Economically treatment with the highest net benefit was the T6 and T2 with $. $ 1.09; a relation benefit cost $ $ 1.05 and a value of RI / C at $ 0.05 USD; ie the nursery for every dollar spent earn $ $ 0.05 cents.
Evaluación del porcentaje de enraizamiento y calidad de plántulas de trachelium (Trachelium caeruleum) y gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata), probando cuatro tipos de sustratos en la empresa Hilsea Investments Ltd
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2011) Morillo, Yadira; José, Sosa; Fierro, Sonia
Within the flower industry, the main producing countries are the Netherlands, with 7378 ha, with 20,181 U.S. and Japan has 17,596 ha. These three countries control about 50% of world output and more than 20% of the production area. The International Association of Horticultural Producers said that in 2004 the global area planted with cut flowers and pot plants was 360 thousand hectares. The Gypsophila is one of the summer flowers most in demand and popularity in the United States and Europe, is native to temperate regions of Eurasia and is used in floral arrangements to complement. This research was carried out in the nursery of the Company HILSEA INVESTMENTS LTD, Finca "El Chivan" located in the parish Quinche - Canton Quito. There are different coffee waste, including peels, pulp and residue of coffee used. The shell of coffee is produced in the dry process of separation of the berries of coffee while the coffee pulp is produced by the process. Respective combinations are made for each substrate with the rates established for research. Once prepared substrates shall be distributed in the respective trays with a shovel handle uniformly in their respective cells. Design will be used Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with factorial arrangement of 4 x 2 with 3 replications. Analysis of variance were performed, Tukey test at 5%, main effect analysis between species of flowers. The agronomic response of the substrates evaluated in the cultivation of Gypsophila and Trachelium In regards to the percentage of rooting and seedling quality of the substrate that was the best response was mixed (coffee hulls + behaved + Cascajo burned rice hulls)
Evaluación morfológica de las plántulas de cinco especies forestales mediante la aplicación de tres tratamientos pregerminativos en el cantón Echeandía, provincia Bolívar
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias . Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica, 2013) Escobar, Darwin Adolfo; Suárez Morales, Kerlin Lenin; Fierro, Sonia
The establishment of forest plantations is a very common practice that offers benefits like to protect and to restore the fertility of the floor; it improves the climate, the cultivations, and the fauna. Independent of the origin of the plant, be to for seed or fabrics, the first days of life are critical for their survival, being necessary to use vegetable hormones that stimulate the growth and development of the organs of the plants, assuring a bigger percentage of survival and the new plants continue this way their development and acquire the strength to the being to transplant them to the definitive place. This investigation was carried out in the farm of the UEB, canton Echeandía to an altitude of 600 msnm with a half temperature of 25 oC, an annual precipitation of 2300 mm. The outlined objectives were: i) Evaluate the quality of Plantae of five forest species by means of the application of three treatments pregerminativos. ii) Determine the germination percentage in each one of the treatments pregerminativos. iii) Evaluate the morphological characteristics that it presents the forest species in each one of the treatments. A Design of Complete Blocks was used at random in factorial arrangement 5x3 with four repetitions. The Factor A it corresponded to five forest species: A1= Saman; A2= Mahogany; A3= Pechiche; A4= Guaiac and A5= Fernán Sánchez. The Factor B was three methods pregerminativos: B1= Gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours; B2= Gibberellic acid soaking 8 hours and B3= Gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours. Fifteen treatments were had. Variance analysis was made, test of Tukey to 5% to compare averages of main factors and interaction and economic analysis. The most outstanding results obtained in this investigation were: The forest species Fernán Sánchez had 98,83% of survival. The methods pregerminativos B3= Gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours with 95,05% and in the B1= Gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours they reached 94,75% of survival. The most effective treatments were the T9: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours; T 3: Saman + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours and T7: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 4 hours where one had 100% of survival of plants to the 90 days. In function of the economic analysis the best net profit one had in the T9: Pechiche + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours and T3: Saman + gibberellic acid soaking 12 hours with $. 14,60 with a RB/C 5,29 and a RI/C 4,29
Manejo integrado de los recursos naturales para agricultura de pequeña escala con base a cuencas hidrográficas. El caso de la subcuencia del río Cristal y Chaguangoyo de las provincias Bolívar, y de los Ríos – Ecuador.
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2013-01-16) Monar, Nelson; Fierro, Sonia; Espinoza, Klever
La cuenca del rio Cristal, situado en los cantones de San Miguel ( Provincia de Bolívar) y Montalvo (provincia de los Ríos), compuesta por 1050 Ha. Con 17 Km de largo y 10 Km de ancho, con una capacidad en el Río el Salto de 2000 lt./s. y el Rio Cristal de 150 lt./s., no escapa a esta realidad y presenta condiciones socio económicas y medio ambientales que ponen en serio riesgo los recursos naturales existentes y las condiciones de vida de las personas que la habitan.
Mitigación de los gases de efecto invernadero emitidos por rumiantes, mediante la utilización de residuos de cosechas como fuente de alimentación y el efecto sobre la producción de gas in vitro en la zona Los Santos, provincia Bolívar-Ecuador, 2015-2017.
(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2017-01-31) Monar, Nelson; Fierro, Sonia; Cordero, Franco
Las emisiones de metano por los rumiantes tienen un efecto considerable a nivel medioambiental debido al aporte que este gas hace al calentamiento global y a la disminución de la capa de ozono, aspectos que llevan a cambios climáticos que afectan drásticamente, entre otros, a los sistemas de producción agrícola y pecuaria. Otro aspecto relevante observado en los sistemas de producción ganadera es la energía alimenticia que se transforma en forma de gas metano y no es aprovechada por el animal. Considerando las situaciones anteriores, es importante plantear alternativas que disminuyan estas emisiones, mejorando las condiciones productivas de los sistemas ganaderos, pero a la vez intentando aminorar los efectos en la contaminación medioambiental (Carmona, J. et al, 2005). Como sabemos que la población mundial se supone que llegará a 8,2 mil millones en el 2030 y el ingreso per cápita promedio de casi el doble en el mismo período. La demanda de alimentos per cápita aumenta un 7% hasta 2030 siguiendo los patrones dietéticos propuesta por la FAO (HavliK, P. 2014).En el Ecuador el sector Agrícola constituye una de las principales fuentes de emisión de GEI, generados por la fermentación entérica del ganado bovino y por el residuo de cosecha de quinua, los cuales representan 50% y 19% de las emisiones de metano respectivamente. En el país se identificará medidas de mitigación: mejorará la dieta alimentaria del ganado bovino, uso y manejo de los desechos y residuos de cosechas a través de procesos de reciclaje. Bolívar ocupa el tercer lugar en superficie con uso agropecuario y afines, de la Región 5, con 381 mil hectáreas, lo cual equivale al 16% del total de la Región 5 y el 3% del total del país. Predomina en esta provincia la existencia de pastos cultivados con un total de 110.962 ha. (29% de la superficie agropecuaria) por la actividad pecuaria de producción de leche, seguido de montes y bosques ocupan el 23% de la superficie provincial utilizada (86.415 ha.) (Ministerio de Coordinación de la Producción, Empleo y Competitividad 2011
Respuesta agronómica y productiva del cultivo de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) con la aplicación de 4 dosis de bioestimulantes orgánicos (Biormus y Biox) en dos localidades del DM Quito, provincia Pichincha
(Guaranda. Universidad Estatal de Bolívar . Facultad de Ciencias Aropecuarias, Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente . Ingeniería Agronómica, 2020) Jácome Rivera, Elizabeth; Junta Chicaiza, Nancy Maribel; Fierro, Sonia
El presente trabajo investigativo se realizó en dos localidades (Dolorosa y Marcopamba) del DMQ, cuyo tema es: Respuesta agronómica y productiva del cultivo de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) con la aplicación de 4 dosis de bioestimulante orgánico (Biormus y Biox) en dos localidades del DM Quito, Provincia Pichincha. Los objetivos planteados para esta investigación fueron; Evaluar las características agronómicas de zucchini para las zonas en estudio. Identificar el bioestimulante orgánico que presente mayor eficiencia en el rendimiento de zucchini en cada localidad. Determinar cuál de las cuatro dosis de bioestimulante orgánico tiene mayor eficiencia en la producción de zucchini en cada localidad. Realizar un análisis económico relación Beneficio: Costo (B/C). Para este ensayo se utilizó un diseño DBCA factorial en arreglo 2x4x3. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas en esta investigación fueron: en la Localidad la Dolorosa el rendimiento promedio más alto se presentó en el T8 con 18 031.1kg/ha y en Marcopamba el T1 con 20 659.97 kg/ha. La mejor respuesta de los Bioestimulantes orgánicos en cuanto a la producción de zucchini se lo obtuvo al aplicar Biox (A2) en la Localidad 1: la Dolorosa y en la Localidad 2: Marcopamba la aplicación del Biormus (A1). La mejor dosis fue de 8 l/ha (B4) en la localidad 1 y 5 l/ha (B1) en la localidad 2. El tratamiento que económicamente fue el mejor es el T1, con un beneficio ($/Ha) de $ 1.11; una RB/C de 1,02 y una RI/C de 0,02 en Marcopamba.