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Item Anaerobic Co-digestion of Slaughter Residues with Agricultural Waste of Amaranth Quinoa and Wheat(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-10-28) Meneses Quelal, Washinton Orlando; Velázquez Martí, Borja; Gaibor Chávez, Juan; Niño Ruiz, Zulay; Ferrer Gisbert, AndrésThe purpose of this research is to experimentally evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion in the city of Guaranda of slaughterhouse residues (RM) with straw residues from agriculture, such as amaranth residues (AM), quinoa residues (QU) and residues of wheat (TR), to reduce slaughterhouse discharges and prevent contamination of the city. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale in 311-ml biodigesters under mesophilic conditions of 37 °C. In addition, sewage sludge was used as inoculum with two relationships between substrate and inoculum (SIR 1:1 and SIR 1:2). The design was completed using three relationships between substrate (RM) and co-substrate (AM, QU and TR): 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. Anaerobic co-digestion resulted in methane yields of 407 ml CH4/g VS, with a methane content in the biogas of 77% for the mixture of RM and QU (RM-QU (25:75)). The increase in inoculum in the mixtures composed of RM and QU increased the biodegradability between 17 and 22%. However, in the mixtures of slaughterhouse waste and amaranth (RM-AM (25:75)), a further increase in inoculum reduced biodegradability by 5%. The results revealed that there is a greater synergy between the RM and QU as the percentage of QU in the mixture is increased. This meant that the co-digestion of the RM with the QU accelerates the biodegradability of the mixture, increasing the production of biogas.Item Effect of the co-digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-01-05) Meneses Quelal, Orlando; Velázquez Martí, Borja; Gaibor Chávez, Juan; Niño Ruiz, ZulayThis study aims to evaluate the effects of the co-digestion of agricultural residues with manure from camelids from the Andean zone. Different combinations of llama manure (LM) and vicuñas (VM) were made with amaranth (AS), quinoa (QS), and wheat (WS) residues. They were fermented using sewage sludge as inoculum. The co-digestion was evaluated under mesophilic conditions for 40 days. The ratios of volatile substances of substrate / co-substrate evaluated were 0:100; 25:75; 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Two substrate / inoculum ratios (SIR 1:1 and SIR1:2) were also evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum methane accumulation rate is obtained in SIR 1:1 for a VM-AS ratio (25:75) with 540 mL/g volatile solid (VS). In general, the results did not increase with the increase in inoculum; rather, the tendency to improve methane yield is associated with an increase in the amount of agricultural residues, mainly AS. Regarding the kinetic modeling, the transfer model is the one that best adjusted the predicted values to those observed with an r2 between 0.991 and 0.999, and an RMSE value between 2.06 and 13.62 mL/g (volatile solid) VS. Finally, all the trials presented synergistic effects in their co-digestion except the digesters formed by LM-AS, LM-QS and LM-WS of SIR 1:2. These presented antagonistic effects in which the addition of the co-substrate generated competition with the substrates, reducing methane production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd