Producción Científica - UEB
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Item Aislamiento e identificación molecular de Salmonella spp., a partir de carnes de cerdo, res y pollo recolectadas de mercados en Guaranda(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-12-31) Bayas Morejón, Favian; Salazar Ramos, Sonia; Beltrán, Katherin; Verdezoto, LuisEl objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la ocurrencia de Salmonella spp. en sesenta y una muestras de carne (19 de pollo, 22 de cerdo y 20 de res), recolectadas en los mercados centrales de Guaranda, provincia de Bolívar, Ecuador. Todas las muestras fueron analizadas por cultivo utilizando métodos específicos para el género de interés y los aislados obtenidos fueron confirmados mediante PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa). Por cultivo, 25 muestras con 35 aislamientos resultaron positivos para Salmonella spp. Por PCR, 23 muestras (37.70%) fueron identificadas como Salmonella spp. La mayor tasa de prevalencia de Salmonella se detectó en la carne de cerdo, seguida de la carne de res. Este estudio destaca la importancia de este patógeno y la necesidad de realizar más estudios sobre su prevalencia y distribución en diferentes tipos de alimentos.Item Nursing Care in the Aging Process of the Elderly at the “Amawta Wuasi Samay” Residential Gerontological Center, Guaranda (Ecuador)(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-08-03) Paredes Sinche, Norma; Mite Cárdenas, Gladys; Remache Agualongo, Morayma; Bayas Morejón, FavianA gerontological center is a place where older adults are welcomed, and those citizens who are 65 years of age or older are considered as such. Ecuador this population group represented 7% of the total population and is increasing. Aims: The purpose of the research seeks to cooperate to improve the reality of the elderly and help their caregivers to be prepared to properly carry out their work, strengthening the physical and psychological well-being of the adult population of the Residential Gerontological Center "Amawta Wasi Samay". Subjects and Methods: A descriptive - applicative research, documentary and field through observation and surveys was applied. Results: It was obtained as results that 82.8% of older adults are totally independent, in fact, 72% can contain their basic needs. However, 51.72% of patients present with severe cognitive impairment (memory loss). It should also be noted that most of them are dependent drugs in 75.86%. In relation to the level of knowledge of the caregivers, they have an acceptable level of 74%. Likewise, is acceptable the proposal to incorporate a basic nursing care guide into the center, in which nutritional food diets stand out.Item Specific Detection Of Brucella Spp.In Cattle Slaughtered In The Province Of Bolivar (Ecuador)(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-12-15) Saltos Ganchala, Ma. José; Ramón Curay, Riveliño; Segura Ochoa, Jagger; Bayas Morejón, FavianIn this research, we set out to study the prevalence and molecular characterization of Brucella isolates obtained from the blood of cattle slaughtered in 2 herds of the province Bolivar, Ecuador.Therefore, 100 samples of bovine blood were selected, 50 from the Guaranda slaughterhouse and 50 from the Echeandía slaughterhouse.All blood samples were analyzed using the Rose Bengal (RB) serological test, as well as the culture on selective brucella Agar + blood "5% sheep blood supplement" (BAS), under microaerobic conditionsat 37 °C for 24-48 h.Similarly, the isolates obtained by culture were characterized by PCR using a pair of primers that amplify a 905-bp fragment. After the RB serological test, 54% of the analyzed samples were positive, while 63% were positive by culture.Regarding the molecular characterization, 42% of the isolates presented the characteristic band, resulting in being positive for the Brucella genus, being the San Pablo sector the one with the highest prevalence 75%, followed by the Salinas sectorwith 50%, San Lorenzo 47,05% and Echeandía with 31,9%.In relation to the prevalence of the pathogen by sex, this was higher in female cattle.In conclusion, the PCR technique can be considered as a useful molecular tool in the diagnosis of Brucella spp.in cattle, especially due to its greater sensitivity.Item Study Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Extracts And Oil Of Uvilla (Physalis Peruviana L) On Strains Of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Spp And Arcobacter Spp In Ecuador(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-11-07) Bayas Morejón, Favian; Ramón Curay, Riveliño; Beltrán Moso, Katherin; Moso Ortiz, MaryResistance of pathogenic bacteria to multiple antimicrobials has become a global threat to health and food safety. This research determined the antimicrobial activity of extracts and oils of Physalis peruviana, where it was established as study factors: extracts of parts of the plant (leaves and stem) and oils of the uvilla berry (using soxhlet); for antimicrobial activity, Escherichia, Salmonella and Arcobacter strains belonging to the microorganism bank of the State University of Bolivar were used. After the analysis, the stem extract showed a better inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli strains with a halo diameter of 14,67 mm, a value very close to that produced by streptomycin and penicillin; with respect to the Salmonella strains, the best effect was presented by the oil of the Physalis peruviana berry with 14 mm, in this case, the antibiotics for clinical use presented values greater than 20 mm. Finally, for Arcobacter the results were not encouraging, being only the extract of the leaves the one that presented activity of 3,5 mm, well below that established to be considered an antibiotic agent. Therefore, it is concluded that the analyzed uvilla extracts and oils are effective against γ proteo bacteria, but not against ε proteo bacteria.Item Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-03-22) Marofi, Faroogh; Sulaiman Rahman, Heshu; Thangavelu, Lakshmi; Dorofeev, Aleksey; Bayas Morejón, Favian; Shirafkan, Naghmeh; Shomali, Navid; Stanley Chartrand, Max; Jarahian, Mostafa; Vahedi, Ghasem; Mohammed, Rebar; Shahrokh, Somayeh; Akbari, Morteza; Motavalli Khiavi, FarhadIn recent decades, a new method of cellular immunotherapy was introduced based on engineering and empowering the immune effector cells. In this type of immunotherapy, the immune effector cells are equipped with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to specifically target cancer cells. In much of the trials and experiments, CAR-modified T cell immunotherapy has achieved very promising therapeutic results in the treatment of some types of cancers and infectious diseases. However, there are also some considerable drawbacks in the clinical application of CAR-T cells although much effort is in progress to rectify the issues. In some conditions, CAR-T cells initiate over-activated and strong immune responses, therefore, causing unexpected side-effects such as systemic cytokine toxicity (i.e., cytokine release syndrome), neurotoxicity, on-target, off-tumor toxicity, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). To overcome these limitations in CAR-T cell immunotherapy, NK cells as an alternative source of immune effector cells have been utilized for CAR-engineering. Natural killer cells are key players of the innate immune system that can destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells, or other aberrant cells with their efficient recognizing capability. Compared to T cells, CAR-transduced NK cells (CAR-NK) have several advantages, such as safety in clinical use, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor cells, and renewable and easy cell sources for their preparation. In this review, we will discuss the recent preclinical and clinical studies, different sources of NK cells, transduction methods, possible limitations and challenges, and clinical considerations.Item Isolation And Molecular Identification Of Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Spp., From Pork, Beef And Chicken Meat Collected From Different Markets In Guaranda, Ecuador(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2021-02-13) Bayas Morejón, Favian; Ramón Curay, Riveliño; Olalla García, María; Herrera Chávez, Byron; Carrasco Ruano, CesarThe aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Sixty-one meat samples (19 chicken, 22 pork and 20 beef), collected from the central markets in Guaranda, Ecuador. All samples were analysed by culture using specific methods for the two genus and the isolates obtained were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. By culture, 29 samples (47.59%) were positive for Escherichia spp. with 42 isolates, and 25 samples with 35 isolates for Salmonella spp. By PCR, 22 samples (36.07%) were positive for E. coli, and 23 samples (37.70%) for Salmonella spp. The highest prevalence rate of Escherichia coli was observed in pork and beef (16.39% each); A high prevalence of Salmonella spp. was detected in pork (18.03%) followed by beef (13.11%). This study highlights the importance of these pathogens and the need for further studies on its prevalence and distribution in different types of foodItem Sustitución parcial de harina de trigo (triticum aestivum L) por harina de zapallo (cucúrbita máxima) en la elaboración de extruidos de origen alimentario cultivadas en Ecuador(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2022-12-14) Sánchez Malusin, Erika; Sánchez Malusin, Tannya; García Muñoz, Marcelo; Bayas Morejón, Favian; Vásquez Coloma, HugoEL manejo de harinas preparadas ha sido elemental en la elaboración de productos con mayores propiedades nutrimentales, en este sentido, fuera de la harina tradicional, el zapallo (Cucúrbita máxima D) tiene su aporte nutricional en fibra, celulosa, vitamina A, magnesio, también contribuye a la neutralización de ácidos gástricos, enriquece la sangre, regula el sistema digestivo y disminuye el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiacas gracias a la presencia de β-carotenos. Es por ello que esta investigación planteó evaluar la “Sustitución parcial de harina de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) por harina de zapallo (Cucúrbita máxima) en la elaboración de extruidos. Para lo cual, se estudiaron diferentes velocidades de rotación del tornillo (120 rpm y 160 rpm), diferentes temperaturas de procesamiento de extruido (100 ºC, 120 ºC y 140 ºC); llegándose a analizar 18 tratamientos, estos tratamientos se valuaron mediante pruebas sensoriales, del mejor tratamiento se analizaron características fisicoquímicas, bromatológicas y microbiológicas. Destacándose tras el análisis sensorial como el mejor al tratamiento la sustitución (80% harina de trigo + 20% harina de zapallo) (a una velocidad del tornillo de 160 rpm) (con una temperatura de extruido de 120°C), dentro de las características biológicas, microbiológicas el producto final, este estuvo dentro de los parámetros y normas establecidas. Se concluye que la combinación del trigo y zapallo pueden ser aplicados como un componente para enriquecer el producto mejorando sus características nutricionales.Item Microorganismos presentes en comidas rápidas, retos en la alimentación actual(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2022-08-12) Tigre León, Angélica; Peña, Patricia Moraima; Taco Vega, Janine Maribel; Bayas Morejón, FavianLa contaminación bacteriana de alimentos que se consumen en la calle constituye una alternativa alimentaria para los trabajadores y estudiantes, pero a la vez es fuente directa de enfermedades trasmitidas por alimentos hacia los consumidores, en tal sentido para confirmar la existencia o no me microorganismos en comidas rápidas en este trabajo se planteó como objetivo una revisión bibliográfica, narrativa no sistemática sobre comidas rápidas e identificación de patógenos, en este sentido se analizaron tesis y artículos relacionados a la temática. Tras el análisis, varios autores coinciden que los indicadores de higiene en los alimentos se dividen en tres grupos: 1) microorganismos no riesgosos para la salud, 2) microrganismo con riesgo indirecto y 3) microorganismos patógenos potenciales, también, que los microorganismos se agrupan en función a la causa que produce la contaminación siendo estos: mesofilos, enterobacterias y psicótropos. Los datos informados en la mayoría de trabajos determinaron una prevalencia de hasta un 60% de bacterias patógenas detectadas en comidas rápidas, siendo microorganismos fecales los más incidentes. En Ecuador, los estudios precisaron de hasta un 100% de contaminación bacteriana en este tipo de alimentos. Por otro lado, aparte de los peligros microbiológicos, en el consumo excesivo de comidas rápidas pueden producir los siguientes problemas: aumento del riesgo de enfermedades cardiacas, riesgo de hipertensión, riesgo de diabetes tipo II, riesgo de sobrepeso y riesgo de deficiencia nutricional. Finalmente, se puede considerar que la presencia los indicadores biológicos demuestra deficiencia en la manipulación de alimentos, especialmente comidas rápidas.Item Analisis de la produccion de Biopoliésteres a partir de Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAS)(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2022-07-05) Gavilanez Paredes, Daicy; Tixilema Caizaguano, Daysi; Yantalema Rea, Katty; Jácome Pilco, Carlos; Bayas Morejón, FavianEl objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el uso de plásticos biodegradables a partir de los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA`s) o biopoliesteres sintetizados que se basan en recursos que habitualmente se renuevan como la celulosa y el almidón. Los polímeros son basados en monómeros cuya derivación son de aceites lácticos y vegetales. Los polihidroxialcanoatos son agentes formadores de biopelículas que algunos microorganismos sintetizan intracelularmente como fuente de energía y carbono, y cuando se extraen de la célula tienen propiedades físicas similares a las del plástico a base de petróleo. También presentan aplicaciones importantes como materiales biocompatibles en los campos biomédico y farmacéutico. Este artículo revisa información bibliográfica sobre biosíntesis y biodegradación de PHA, su estado actual de producción y comercialización a gran escala, así como las perspectivas futuras para la investigación y aplicación de PHAs.Item Evaluation of Antioxidants in Byproduct from Bananas: Dominico (Musa sapientum L.) and Maqueño (Musa balbisiana L.) as Quality Criteria(Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, 2022-10-19) Tigre León, Angelica; Guanga Chunata, Deysi; Zabala Vizuete, Rolando; Bayas Morejón, FavianIn this work, the antioxidants of the two varieties of bananas viz. dominico (Musa sapientum L.) and maqueño (Musa balbisiana L.) were evaluated. Three factors were considered before the determination of antioxidant activity i.e. variety of banana, type of antioxidant and amount of antioxidant. The same conditions were also considered for citric acid and ascorbic acid in the amounts of 13, 15 and 17 mg/Kg; evaluated in the 36 experimental units. According to the obtained results, the best type of antioxidant is citric acid, which indicated that the T5 treatment is the one that presents the best results in the processed products. In addition, in this treatment a lower amount of antioxidant is used at a rate of 15 mg/Kg. It was established that they were complied with the minimum parameters established in the Codex Standard for Bananas (Plantain) Codex Stan 205-1997. The studied bananas were also complied with the microbiological parameters as established in the Ecuadorian technical standard NT INEN 1529-10. The definitive can be established that this product is fit for human consumption.